Table 1 Mean (SD) Participant characteristics according to age group and sex
Age Group | 21–30 | 31–40 | 41–50 | 51–60 | 61–65 | 66–70 | 71–75 | 76–80 | > 80 | All ages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||||||
n | 28 | 26 | 20 | 22 | 29 | 24 | 29 | 26 | 23 | 227 |
Age (years) | 25 (3) | 36 (3) | 46 (3) | 57 (2) | 63 (1) | 68 (1) | 73 (2) | 78 (1) | 84 (2) | 59 (19) |
Education, n (%) | ||||||||||
< =Primary | 1 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.0) | 2 (9.0) | 10 (34.4) | 6 (25.0) | 12 (41.3) | 15 (57.6) | 15 (65.2) | 63 (27.7) |
Secondary | 2 (7.1) | 3 (11.5) | 4 (20.0) | 14 (63.6) | 13 (44.8) | 12 (50.0) | 14 (48.2) | 6 (23.0) | 5 (21.7) | 73 (32.1) |
Tertiary | 13 (46.4) | 11 (42.3) | 3 (15.0) | 1 (4.5) | 6 (20.6) | 5 (20.8) | 2 (6.8) | 2 (7.6) | 1 (4.3) | 44 (19.3) |
> =Degree | 6 (21.4) | 10 (38.4) | 7 (35.0) | 4 (18.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.5) | 2 (8.6) | 32 (14.0) |
Other qualification | 6 (21.4) | 2 (7.6) | 4 (20.0) | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.1) | 1 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (6.6) |
Height (m) | 1.73 (0.07) | 1.70 (0.05) | 1.68 (0.06) | 1.69 (0.07) | 1.66 (0.06) | 1.65 (0.05) | 1.65 (0.06) | 1.63 (0.07) | 1.62 (0.07) | 1.67 (0.07) |
Weight (kg) | 80.4 (22.4) | 81.2 (20) | 76.8 (13.4) | 73.5 (10.9) | 66.2 (8) | 65.9 (10.9) | 65.4 (8.6) | 63 (10.2) | 61.6 (11.4) | 70.3 (15.4) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 (8.2) | 28.0 (6.7) | 27.2 (3.8) | 25.6 (3.2) | 24.0 (2.9) | 24.0 (3.4) | 24.2 (3.2) | 23.7 (3.0) | 23.5 (4.1) | 25.2 (4.9) |
Gait Speed 6 m (m/s) | 1.14 (0.15) | 1.12 (0.19) | 1.14 (0.16) | 1.14 (0.17) | 1.12 (0.19) | 1.11 (0.17) | 0.99 (0.15) | 0.95 (0.21) | 0.83 (0.21) | 1.06 (0.20) |
ALM/h2 | 7.9 (1.4) | 8.2 (1.3) | 7.7 (1.1) | 7.7 (1.1) | 6.7 (0.7) | 6.6 (0.7) | 6.5 (0.7) | 6.4 (0.7) | 6.2 (1.0) | 7.1 (1.2) |
Hand Grip (kg) | 42.3 (8.1) | 44.6 (7.4) | 42.1 (6.5) | 40.0 (6.7) | 35.5 (5.9) | 32.9 (5.9) | 29.0 (7.0) | 28.3 (4.8) | 24.4 (7.4) | 35.3 (9.4) |
Total SPPB Score | 12.0 (0.2) | 12.0 (0.2) | 12.0 (0.2) | 11.9 (0.3) | 11.8 (0.6) | 11.9 (0.3) | 11.3 (1.1) | 11.2 (1.0) | 10.2 (2.3) | 11.6 (1.1) |
Max SPPB Score (%) | 96 | 96 | 95 | 91 | 90 | 88 | 62 | 50 | 39 | 78 |
SPPB Subtest score | ||||||||||
Balance | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 3.93 (0.37) | 3.92 (0.28) | 3.90 (0.41) | 3.81 (0.49) | 3.48 (0.85) | 3.89 (0.41) |
5x Sit-to-stand | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 3.95 (0.22) | 3.91 (0.29) | 3.90 (0.31) | 3.96 (0.20) | 3.48 (0.83) | 3.58 (0.58) | 3.30 (1.02) | 3.78 (0.56) |
Gait Speed 8 ft (m/s) | 3.96 (0.19) | 3.96 (0.20) | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 3.97 (0.19) | 3.77 (0.59) | 3.43 (0.79) | 3.90 (0.38) |
Women | ||||||||||
n | 32 | 35 | 39 | 37 | 31 | 35 | 31 | 34 | 37 | 311 |
Age (years) | 25 (3) | 36 (3) | 46 (3) | 55 (3) | 63 (1) | 68 (1) | 72 (2) | 78 (1) | 83 (2) | 58 (19) |
Education, n (%) | ||||||||||
< =Primary | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.6) | 9 (24.3) | 11 (35.4) | 19 (54.2) | 17 (54.8) | 23 (67.6) | 29 (78.3) | 111 (35.6) |
Secondary | 0 (0.0) | 8 (22.8) | 23 (58.9) | 15 (40.5) | 15 (48.3) | 10 (28.5) | 11 (35.4) | 7 (20.5) | 4 (10.8) | 93 (29.9) |
Tertiary | 13 (40.6) | 7 (20.0) | 4 (10.2) | 6 (16.2) | 2 (6.4) | 3 (8.5) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (5.8) | 2 (5.4) | 40 (12.8) |
> =Degree | 17 (53.1) | 14 (40.0) | 6 (15.3) | 5 (13.5) | 3 (9.6) | 2 (5.7) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (5.8) | 1 (2.7) | 51 (16.3) |
Other qualification | 2 (6.2) | 6 (17.1) | 3 (7.6) | 2 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.7) | 16 (5.1) |
Height (m) | 1.60 (0.05) | 1.59 (0.05) | 1.57 (0.07) | 1.57 (0.06) | 1.55 (0.05) | 1.54 (0.05) | 1.53 (0.05) | 1.52 (0.05) | 1.48 (0.04) | 1.55 (0.06) |
Weight (kg) | 57.7 (11.7) | 61.6 (12.3) | 63.4 (11.7) | 63.1 (14.1) | 58.8 (8.7) | 59.3 (7.6) | 54.0 (8.4) | 57.5 (8.2) | 52.8 (8.6) | 58.8 (10.9) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5 (4.5) | 24.5 (4.7) | 25.7 (4.3) | 25.6 (5.5) | 24.4 (3.6) | 25.0 (3.0) | 23.0 (3.6) | 25.0 (3.5) | 24.2 (4.0) | 24.5 (4.2) |
Gait Speed 6 m (m/s) | 1.14 (0.18) | 1.14 (0.13) | 1.18 (0.20) | 1.14 (0.16) | 1.09 (0.14) | 1.05 (0.18) | 1.01 (0.14) | 0.90 (0.17) | 0.83 (0.16) | 1.05 (0.20) |
ALM/h2 | 5.4 (0.9) | 5.8 (1.0) | 6.0 (1.0) | 6.0 (1.3) | 5.5 (0.7) | 5.6 (0.7) | 5.2 (0.7) | 5.4 (0.7) | 5.2 (0.7) | 5.6 (0.9) |
Hand Grip (kg) | 25.7 (4.7) | 26.2 (4.6) | 27.7 (5.3) | 23.7 (4.1) | 23.1 (3.7) | 22.8 (4.5) | 21.0 (4.1) | 19.6 (4.1) | 17.9 (3.4) | 23.1 (5.3) |
Total SPPB Score | 12.0 (0.2) | 11.9 (0.5) | 12.0 (0.0) | 11.8 (0.4) | 11.6 (1.2) | 11.6 (1.2) | 11.6 (0.8) | 11.0 (1.4) | 10.4 (2.1) | 11.5 (1.2) |
Max SPPB Score (%) | 97 | 94 | 100 | 84 | 81 | 83 | 77 | 50 | 32 | 77 |
SPPB Subtest score | ||||||||||
Balance | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 3.84 (0.73) | 3.97 (0.17) | 3.87 (0.34) | 3.79 (0.59) | 3.43 (0.96) | 3.88 (0.49) |
5x Sit-to-stand | 4.00 (0.00) | 3.89 (0.53) | 4.00 (0.00) | 3.89 (0.31) | 3.81 (0.54) | 3.71 (0.71) | 3.81 (0.54) | 3.56 (0.82) | 3.30 (0.97) | 3.77 (0.62) |
Gait Speed 8 ft (m/s) | 3.97 (0.18) | 4.00 (0.00) | 4.00 (0.00) | 3.95 (0.23) | 3.94 (0.36) | 3.91 (0.37) | 3.97 (0.18) | 3.65 (0.65) | 3.62 (0.72) | 3.89 (0.41) |