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Table 3 Assessment of the association between the cardio-metabolic and socio-demographic risk factors and dependency in the BADL using simple and multiple logistic regressions

From: Cardio-metabolic and socio-demographic risk factors associated with dependency in basic and instrumental activities of daily living among older Iranian adults: Bushehr elderly health program

Risk Factor

Dependent No. (%)

Crude ORa (95%CI)

P valueb

Adjusted ORa (95%CI)c

P valued

Age (years)

60–64

98 (16.6)

1

–

1

–

65–69

191 (20.5)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

0.06

1.2 (0.9–1.5)

0.33

70–74

95 (25.6)

1.7 (1.3–2.4)

0.001

1.6 (1.1–2.2)

0.007

75–79

101 (36.3)

2.9 (2.1–4.0)

< 0.001

2.4 (1.7–3.4)

< 0.001

80–84

39 (27.9)

1.9 (1.3–3.0)

0.003

1.5 (1.0–2.4)

0.078

≥ 85

36 (52.2)

5.5 (3.3–9.2)

< 0.001

4.0 (2.3–7.0)

< 0.001

Sex

Female

405 (32.9)

1

–

1

–

Male

155 (13.5)

0.3 (0.3–0.4)

< 0.001

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

< 0.001

Education

No education

268 (34.4)

1

–

1

–

Primary School

204 (23.3)

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

< 0.001

0.8 (0. 7–1.1)

0.154

Guidance school

37 (17.2)

0.4 (0.3–0.6)

< 0.001

0.8 (0.5–1.2)

0.20

High school

35 (10.7)

0.2 (0.2–0.3)

< 0.001

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

< 0.001

Academic

16 (8.6)

0.2 (0.1–0.3)

< 0.001

0.5 (0.3–0.8)

0.008

Diabetes mellitus

No

355 (22.4)

1

–

–

–

Yes

204 (25.8)

1.2 (1.0–1.5)

0.07

–

–

Hypertension

No

125 (19.5)

1

–

–

–

Yes

435 (25.0)

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

0.005

–

–

High total cholesterol

No

367 (23.0)

1

–

–

–

Yes

192 (24.5)

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

0.43

–

–

Low HDL cholesterol

No

253 (20.8)

1

–

1

–

Yes

306 (26.3)

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

0.001

1.2 (1.0–1.5)

0.08

High LDL cholesterol

No

289 (23.6)

1

–

–

–

Yes

269 (23.3)

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

0.89

–

–

High serum triglyceride

No

370 (22.8)

1

–

–

–

Yes

189 (25.0)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

0.22

–

–

Smoking

Never

242 (22.9)

1

–

–

–

Past

205 (24.7)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

0.36

–

–

Current

113 (22. 8)

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

0.95

–

–

BMI

< 18.5

12 (25.5)

1

–

–

–

18.5–24.9

137 (19.7)

0.7 (0.4–1.4)

0.33

–

–

25–29.9

214 (21.3)

0.8 (0.4–1.6)

0.49

–

–

≥30

197 (31.1)

1.3 (0.7–2.69)

0.42

–

–

High Waist Circumference

No

174 (21.2)

1

–

–

–

Yes

386 (24.8)

1.2 (1.0–1.5)

0.05

–

–

Physical Activity

No

490 (26.6)

1

–

1

–

Yes

70 (12.9)

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

< 0.001

0.5 (0.4–0.6)

< 0.001

Daily intake of calories

1414.5 (533.5) e

0.99 (0.99–0.99)

< 0.001

0.99 (0.99–0.99)

0.001

  1. a: Prevalence Odds Ratio: They indicate what is the chance of having dependency in the BADL in each group compared to the reference group (first group) of each risk factor?
  2. b: In the bivariate analysis
  3. c: Adjusted OR (95%CI) have been displayed only for the risk factors that remained in the final multiple logistic model, after fitting the model by the backward method. The risk factors “age”, “sex”, “education”, “diabetes mellitus”, “hypertension”, “low HDL cholesterol”, “high serum triglyceride”, “high waist circumference” “physical activity” and “daily intake of calories” entered into the first multiple logistic model and after fitting the model by the backward method, the covariates “age”, “sex”, “education”, “low HDL cholesterol”, “physical activity” and “daily intake of calories” remained in the final model
  4. d: In the multiple logistic regression
  5. e: Mean (Standard Deviation)
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