Table 3 Multiple regression analysis on change in depressive symptoms

Change in Geriatric Anxiety Scale (mean: .224; st.dev.: 1.994; range: −5 to 5)

.219

.322

.024

0.000

Change in Brief Resilient Coping Scale (mean: 2.152; st.dev.: 4.113; range: − 16 to 16)

−.020

−.062

.011

0.075

Change in Brief Lubben Social Network Scale (mean: − 1.593; st.dev.: 6.794; range: − 30 to 30)

−.005

−.026

.007

0.459

Change in UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale (mean: .047; st.dev.: 1.872; range: −6 to 6)

.150

.207

.026

0.000

Change in Health Problems (mean: .143; st.dev.: 2.676; range: −9 to 9)

.149

.295

.017

0.000

Female

−.023

−.007

.100

0.816

Age

.007

.040

.105

0.947

Age²

.000

−.015

.000

0.979

Secondary Education (vs. Primary)

.016

.005

.107

0.882

Superior Education (vs. Primary)

−.031

−.009

.130

0.811

Sufficient income (0–1)

.020

.006

.102

0.841

Smartphone user (0–1)

−.083

−.030

.101

0.410

Constant

−.189

3.850

0.961