Frailty status as a potential factor in increased postoperative opioid use in older adults

BMC Geriatrics

Table 2 Description of the Study Participants (median (IQR), unless otherwise stated)

	All Participants ( n =117)	CFS With Frailty ( n =26)	CFS Without Frailty ( n =91)	P Value
Age (years)	73.0 (67.0, 77.0)	76.0 (67.0, 81.0)	72.0 (67.0, 77.0)	0.20
Gender (men %)	Male: 64%	Male: 46%	Male: 69%	0.03
Preoperative opioid use (% (n))	26.5% (31)	46.2% (12)	20.9% (19)	0.01
PCS	6.0 (1.0, 13.0)	13.0 (5.8, 21.5)	4.0 (1.0, 11.0)	0.01
VAS	4.0 (1.0, 4.0)	7.0 (2.5, 8.0)	3.0 (0.5, 7.0)	0.01
Length of Stay (days)	3.0 (1.0, 6.0)	5.0 (2.0, 6.0)	2.0 (1.0, 5.0)	<0.01
Surgery Type (%)
Surgical Spine	36%	42%	34%
Vascular	15%	12%	16%
Neurosurgery	17%	15%	18%
Orthopedic	15%	19%	14%
Foot and Ankle	11%	4%	13%
Femur and Humerus	4%	15%	1%
Other^a	16%	12%	18%

Description of the study participants in cohorts with and without frailty. Information was recorded during preoperative patient interviews using validated and informal questionnaires and is presented as median and IQR. The cohorts were defined using a CFS score of <5 as without frailty, and greater than or equal to 5 as with frailty. The cohort with frailty had fewer males, more common preoperative opioid use, higher pain catastrophizing, and more pain preoperatively. Abbreviations: SD Standard deviation, CFS Clinical Frail Scale, PCS Pain Catastrophizing, VAS Visual Analog Scale. ^aOther includes all procedures that occurred in less than 10% of patients: otolaryngology-head and neck, general surgery, oral and maxillofacial, burn plastic, and urology.

ISSN: 1471-2318