Table 2 Comparison of participants who continued community living and those who did not
|  |  |  | Continued community living (N = 126) | Discontinued community living (N = 58) | χ2 | F value | Missing cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Sociodemographic variables | |||||||
 Age, mean ± SD |  | 80.1 ± 5.2 | 83.1 ± 6.6 |  | F(1,182) = 10.96, p = 0.001 | 0 | |
 Sex | Male | 49 (67.1) | 24 (32.9) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 0.10, p = 0.748 |  | 0 | |
Female | 77 (69.4) | 34 (30.6) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Educational years, mean ± SD |  | 10.7 ± 2.6 | 11.4 ± 2.9 |  | F(1,175) = 2.55, p = 0.112 | 7 | |
 Type of household | Living alone | 55 (67.9) | 26 (32.1) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 0.02, p = 0.881 |  | 0 | |
With others | 71 (68.9) | 32 (31.1) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Married | Yes | 59 (71.1) | 24 (28.9) | χ2 (1, N = 180) = 0.20, p = 0.659 |  | 4 | |
No | 66 (68.0) | 31 (32.0) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Long-term care insurance | Certified | 24 (45.3) | 29 (54.7) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 18.56, p = 0.000 |  | 0 | |
Not certified | 102 (77.9) | 29 (22.1) | Â | Â | Â | ||
(2) Cognitive assessment | |||||||
 MMSE score, mean ± SD |  | 20.5 ± 2.8 | 19.2 ± 4.3 |  | F(1,182) = 5.73, p = 0.018 | 0 | |
(3) Psychological assessment | |||||||
 Depressive symptoms (GDS-15) | High risk (≥5) | 62 (65.3) | 33 (34.7) | χ2 (1, N = 175) = 1.06, p = 0.304 |  | 9 | |
No high risk (< 5) | 58 (72.5) | 22 (27.5) |  |  |  | ||
 Mental well-being (S-WHO-5-J), mean ± SD | 9.2 ± 3.5 | 7.8 ± 3.9 |  | F(1,177) = 6.23, p = 0.013 | 5 | ||
(4) Physical health-related assessment | |||||||
 Self-perceived health | Good | 99 (73.9) | 35 (26.1) | χ2 (1, N = 181) = 6.90, p = 0.009 |  | 3 | |
Not good | 25 (53.2) | 22 (46.8) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Frailty | Healthy (0–3) | 49 (81.7) | 11 (18.3) | χ2 (2, N = 184) = 11.29, p = 0.004 |  | 0 | |
Pre-frailty (4–7) | 40 (71.4) | 16 (28.6) |  |  |  | ||
Frailty (8–25) | 37 (54.4) | 31 (45.6) |  |  |  | ||
(5) Sociological variables | |||||||
 (i) Relationship with the community | |||||||
  Lack of social participation | Yes | 41 (70.7) | 17 (29.3) | χ2 (1, N = 158) = 0.03, p = 0.860 |  | 26 | |
No | 72 (72.0) | 28 (28.0) | Â | Â | Â | ||
  Lack of trust in neighbors | Yes | 8 (40.0) | 12 (60.0) | χ2 (1, N = 170) = 8.34, p = 0.004 |  | 14 | |
No | 108 (72.0) | 42 (28.0) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 (ii) Socioeconomic status | |||||||
  Having a financial disadvantage | Yes | 43 (72.9) | 16 (27.1) | χ2 (1, N = 176) = 0.71, p = 0.401 |  | 8 | |
No | 78 (66.7) | 39 (33.3) | Â | Â | Â | ||
  Annual income | Less than one million yen | 25 (80.6) | 6 (19.4) | χ2 (1, N = 170) = 2.93, p = 0.087 |  | 14 | |
One million yen or more | 90 (64.7) | 49 (35.3) | Â | Â | Â | ||
(6) Dementia diagnosis | |||||||
 DSM-5 diagnosis | No Dementia | 86 (76.8) | 26 (23.2) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 9.15, p = 0.002 |  | 0 | |
Dementia | 40 (55.6) | 32 (44.4) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Clinical Dementia Rating assessment | Normal (0) | 59 (81.9) | 13 (18.1) | χ2 (2, N = 184) = 27.28, p = 0.000 |  | 0 | |
Mild (0.5 + 1) | 65 (67.0) | 32 (33.0) |  |  |  | ||
Not mild (2 + 3) | 2 (13.3) | 13 (86.7) |  |  |  | ||
(7) Social support needs | |||||||
 Total needs | 0 | 64 (72.7) | 24 (27.3) | χ2 (2, N = 184) = 1.82, p = 0.403 |  | 0 | |
1 | 24 (68.6) | 11 (31.4) | Â | Â | Â | ||
2+ | 38 (62.3) | 23 (37.7) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Dementia subtype diagnosis | Yes | 37 (64.9) | 20 (35.1) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 0.49, p = 0.485 |  |  | |
No | 89 (70.1) | 38 (29.9) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Medical check-up for physical conditions | Yes | 9 (60.0) | 6 (40.0) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 0.54, p = 0.461 |  | 0 | |
No | 117 (69.2) | 52 (30.8) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Continuous medical care | Yes | 9 (52.9) | 8 (47.1) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 2.10, p = 0.148 |  | 0 | |
No | 117 (70.1) | 50 (29.9) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Daily living support | Yes | 22 (56.4) | 17 (43.6) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 3.34, p = 0.068 |  | 0 | |
No | 104 (71.7) | 41 (28.3) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Support for family members | Yes | 21 (56.8) | 16 (43.2) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 2.95, p = 0.086 |  | 0 | |
No | 105 (71.4) | 42 (28.6) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Housing support | Yes | 2 (25.0) | 6 (75.0) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 7.32, p = 0.007 |  | 0 | |
No | 124 (70.5) | 52 (29.5) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Long-term care insurance | Yes | 32 (71.1) | 13 (28.9) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 0.19, p = 0.662 |  | 0 | |
No | 94 (67.6) | 45 (32.4) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Financial support | Yes | 4 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 1.32, p = 0.250 |  | 0 | |
No | 122 (69.3) | 54 (30.7) | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Rights protection | Yes | 8 (44.4) | 10 (55.6) | χ2 (1, N = 184) = 5.34, p = 0.021 |  | 0 | |
No | 118 (71.1) | 48 (28.9) | Â | Â | Â | ||