Table 1 Absolute and relative contraindications for physical activity according to VIVIFRAIL©Protocol

Absolute

• Acute heart attack (recent 3–6 months) or unstable angina;

• uncontrolled atrial or ventricular arrhythmias;

• aortic dissecting aneurysm;

• severe aortic stenosis;

• acute endocarditis / pericarditis;

• uncontrolled high blood pressure (>  180/100 mmHg);

• acute thromboembolism;

• acute or severe heart failure;

• acute or severe respiratory failure;

• uncontrolled postural hypotension;

• uncontrolled acute decompensated diabetes mellitus or low blood sugar;

• a recent fracture in the last month (strength training);

• any other circumstance the doctors believes prevents doing physical activity

Relative

• A recent fracture in the last 3 months (strength training)

• Infections that affect one’s general condition

• A pathology that causes serious functional limitation (Barthel scale of less than 20)