Variable | Intervention effect | Responsiveness | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Post | Retention | Cont. Baseline-Post | Cont. Baseline-Retention | |||||||
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-value | EF | %Δ | p-value | ES | %Δ | p-value | ES | |
Speed (m·sec− 1) a, c | 1.11 ± 0.20 | 1.27 ± 0.21 | 1.32 ± 0.25 | 0.001 | 1.16 | 15.7 | < 0 0.001 | 0.82 | 19.3 | < 0 0.001 | 1.03 |
TUG (sec) a | 10.16 ± 1.51 | 8.79 ± 1.72 | 8.72 ± 0.98 | < 0.001 | 0.95 | −13.6 | < 0.001 | −0.90 | −13.2 | < 0.001 | −0.95 |
FES-I b | 19.00 ± 5.00 | 19.00 ± 4.00 | 17.00 ± 3.00 | 0.009 | 0.37 | 0.0 | 0.565 | −0.11 | −5.7 | 0.016 | −0.56 |
BBS b | 55.50 ± 1.75 | 56.00 ± 0.75 | 56.00 ± 1.00 | 0.580 | 0.04 | 0.0 | 0.673 | 0.29 | 0.0 | 0.357 | 0.29 |
Stance time variability (sec) a, c | 0.018 ± 0.006 | 0.015 ± 0.004 | 0.014 ± 0.005 | 0.026 | 0.73 | −18.0 | 0.009 | −0.58 | −18.6 | 0.006 | −0.73 |
Step width variability (cm) a, c | 2.30 ± 0.47 | 2.15 ± 0.36 | 2.12 ± 0.38 | 0.045 | 0.57 | −5.7 | 0.048 | −0.33 | −6.8 | 0.021 | −0.39 |
Step length variability (cm) a, c | 1.80 ± 0.43 | 1.60 ± 0.47 | 1.56 ± 0.57 | 0.099 | 0.52 | −10.8 | 0.074 | −0.48 | −12.9 | 0.034 | −0.57 |
Stride time variability (sec) a, c | 0.021 ± 0.006 | 0.018 ± 0.006 | 0.017 ± 0.007 | 0.107 | 0.52 | −13.7 | 0.076 | −0.56 | −16.0 | 0.031 | −0.69 |