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Table 2 Outcome measures at each assessment and responsiveness

From: Risk‐of‐falling related outcomes improved in community‐dwelling older adults after a 6-week sideways walking intervention: a feasibility and pilot study

Variable

Intervention effect

Responsiveness

 

Baseline

Post

Retention

  

Cont. Baseline-Post

Cont. Baseline-Retention

 

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

p-value

EF

p-value

ES

p-value

ES

Speed (m·sec− 1) a, c

1.11 ± 0.20

1.27 ± 0.21

1.32 ± 0.25

0.001

1.16

15.7

< 0 0.001

0.82

19.3

< 0 0.001

1.03

TUG (sec) a

10.16 ± 1.51

8.79 ± 1.72

8.72 ± 0.98

< 0.001

0.95

−13.6

< 0.001

−0.90

−13.2

< 0.001

−0.95

FES-I b

19.00 ± 5.00

19.00 ± 4.00

17.00 ± 3.00

0.009

0.37

0.0

0.565

−0.11

−5.7

0.016

−0.56

BBS b

55.50 ± 1.75

56.00 ± 0.75

56.00 ± 1.00

0.580

0.04

0.0

0.673

0.29

0.0

0.357

0.29

Stance time

variability (sec) a, c

0.018 ± 0.006

0.015 ± 0.004

0.014 ± 0.005

0.026

0.73

−18.0

0.009

−0.58

−18.6

0.006

−0.73

Step width

variability (cm) a, c

2.30 ± 0.47

2.15 ± 0.36

2.12 ± 0.38

0.045

0.57

−5.7

0.048

−0.33

−6.8

0.021

−0.39

Step length

variability (cm) a, c

1.80 ± 0.43

1.60 ± 0.47

1.56 ± 0.57

0.099

0.52

−10.8

0.074

−0.48

−12.9

0.034

−0.57

Stride time

variability (sec) a, c

0.021 ± 0.006

0.018 ± 0.006

0.017 ± 0.007

0.107

0.52

−13.7

0.076

−0.56

−16.0

0.031

−0.69

  1. a values are mean ± standard deviation; b values are median ± interquartile range; cn = 12
  2. Abbreviations:  mean or median percentage change from baseline; Cont. Contrast; EF Cohen’s f or Kendall’s W index (< 0.10 negligible, < 0.25 small, < 0.40 moderate, otherwise large effect); ES effect size index (|ES| < 0.20 negligible, |ES| < 0.50 small and |ES| < 0.80 moderate, otherwise large effect