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Table 4 Regressing MCS, showing unstandardized regression coefficients

From: The paradox of aging and health-related quality of life in Asian Chinese: results from the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan

 

MCS

model 1

model 2

model 3

model 4

Age

0.062 (0.014)**

0.075 (0.012)**

0.063 (0.014)**

0.050 (0.049)

Covariates

 Female (ref. male)

 

0.14 (0.19)

0.13 (0.27)

0.13 (0.27)

 Elementary school (ref. illiterate)

 

− 0.55 (0.30)

−0.54 (0.30)

− 0.54 (0.30)

 Middle school or higher (ref. illiterate)

 

−1.03 (0.35)*

−1.02 (0.35)*

−1.01 (0.35)*

 Employed (ref. unemployed)

 

0.086 (0.21)

0.13 (0.21)

0.13 (0.21)

 Partnered (ref. unpartnered)

 

−0.068 (0.23)

−0.042 (0.23)

− 0.038 (0.23)

 Living in urban areas (ref. rural)

 

0.26 (0.18)

0.28 (0.18)

0.29 (0.18)

 Cohabitant (ref. alone)

 

−0.24 (0.32)

−0.27 (0.32)

− 0.27 (0.32)

 MMSE

 

−0.034 (0.032)

−0.011 (0.032)

− 0.0094 (0.032)

 CES-D

 

−0.92 (0.014)**

−0.93 (0.015)**

− 0.93 (0.015)**

Objective health indicators

 Handgrip strength

  

0.0021 (0.014)

0.044 (0.081)

 SPPB

  

−0.15 (0.041)**

−0.36 (0.35)

Interaction terms

 Age*handgrip

   

−0.00062 (0.0012)

 Age*SPPB

   

0.0029 (0.0046)

  1. Note: N = 5022. *p-value< 0.05, ** p-value< 0.001. Model 1: age (unadjusted); model 2: same as model 1 plus demographic, SES, MMSE, and CES-D variables; model 3: same as model 2 plus objective health indicators; model 4: same as model 3 plus interactions between age and objective health indicators. Preliminary analyses did not find any evidence for quadratic or cubic age terms (ps > .05); therefore, subsequent analyses included only a linear age term