Augmented exercise in hospital improves physical performance and reduces negative post hospitalization events: a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Unadjusted and Adjusted regression and Time-to-Event analyses results between groups

Variable	N	Control	N	APEP	N	Co-ef	Unadjusted	p	N	Adjusted	p
LOS (bed nights)	94	970	95	880	199	HR	1.09 (0.77–1.56)	0.6	125	1.3 (0.9–1.87)	0.16
Steps median [IQR]	23	597 [346–846]	25	889 [575–1088]	48	β	262.1 (−80–604)	0.1	48	316 (−25–656)	0.07
SPPB Score Discharge m (±SD)	89	3.7 (±2.1)	86	4.6 (±2.5)	178	β	0.88 (0.20–1.57)	0.01	174	0.78 (0.28–1.29)	0.003
SPPB Score Follow-up m (±SD)	52	4.7 (±2.53)	72	5.12 (±2.38)	123	β	0.45 (−0.43–1.33)	0.3	122	0.67 (−0.74–0.87)	0.87
VAS SR Health Discharge m (±SD)	89	62.4(±21.31)	86	67.7 (±18.38)	178	β	5.3 (−0.6–1.11)	0.07	172	5.10 (− 0.78–10.98)	0.9
VAS SR Health Follow-up m (±SD)	68	58.5 (±21.6)	77	65.2 (±21.2)	145	β	6.75 (0.3–13.8)	0.05	143	0.26 (0.09–0.47)	0.004
READMISSION Follow-up	94	16 (17%)	95	30 (32%)	176	β	2.2 (1.1–4.3)	0.03	172	2.9 (1.18–5.2)	0.01
FALLS Follow-up	68	18 (26%)	77	12 (16%)	189	OR	0.6 (0.26–1.36)	0.2	184	0.57 (0.24–1.38)	0.2
DEATH Follow-up	94	12 (19%)	95	5 (5%)	189	OR	0. 40 (0.13–1.16)	0.08	184	0.38 (0.11–1.14)	0.08
IND Follow-up	68	44 (65%)	77	58 (75%)	167	OR	1.68 (1. – 3.3)	0.04	165	1.85 (0.82–3.6)	0.05
NEGATIVE EVENTS Follow-up	94	38 (40%)	95	18 (19%)	189	OR	0.46 (0.23–0.92)	0.03	184	0.43 (0.2–0.92)	0.03

LOS and Steps multivariate models adjusted for age and frailty only
All other multivariable models adjusted for age, gender, frailty, fear of falling, physical performance on admission and the baseline score
Abbreviations and possible score ranges: LOS: length of stay (nights); Steps: average daily step-count; SPPB Score: Short Physical Performance Battery [a higher score reflects a better physical performance, range 0–12]; IND: ability to walk independently on level surfaces; VAS SR Health (EQ 5D5L): Visual Analogue Scale EuroQol 5-Domain 5-Level, [range 1–100]; READMISSION: medical readmissions

ISSN: 1471-2318