Fig. 3

Predicted probabilities and 95% Confidence Intervals of hearing loss (HL) prevalence at Regions of England in eight Waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) ^{a, b}. ^a The x-axis refers to ELSA Wave (Wave 1: 2002–3, Wave 2: 2004–5, Wave 3: 2006–7, Wave 4: 2008–9, Wave 5: 2010–11, Wave 6: 2012–13, Wave 7: 2014–15, Wave 8: 2016–17), and the y-axis refers to prevalence rates of HL per GOR in the specified 2-year period. ^bThe factor variables (age, sex, education, occupation, income, wealth, IMD and alcohol consumption) were hold at their means for each ELSA Wave.