Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analyses for falls by the year of survey
Covariate (reference) | 2005 | 2009 | 2013 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (65–69) | ||||||
 70–74 | 1.16 | (0.83–1.62) | 1.26 | (0.93–1.69) | 1.13 | (0.81–1.58) |
 75–79 | 1.24 | (0.87–1.76) | 0.87 | (0.62–1.22) | 1.17 | (0.81–1.70) |
 80+ | 1.34 | (0.88–2.03) | 1.35 | (0.97–1.89) | 1.19 | (0.82–1.73) |
Sex (male) | ||||||
 Female | 1.64 | (1.26–2.15) | 1.38 | (1.09–1.76) | 0.93 | (0.72–1.20) |
ADL difficulty (none) | ||||||
 1 task | 2.39 | (1.25–4.58) | 0.44 | (0.10–1.87) | 2.74 | (1.55–4.86) |
  ≥ 2 tasks | 1.41 | (0.80–2.47) | 0.42 | (0.09–2.04) | 1.14 | (0.66–1.95) |
IADL difficulty (none) | ||||||
 1 task | 0.76 | (0.51–1.14) | 1.41 | (0.74–2.72) | 1.13 | (0.77–1.66) |
  ≥ 2 tasks | 1.45 | (1.00–2.11) | 4.56 | (0.98–21.23) | 1.27 | (0.85–1.90) |
Use of sleeping pills (no) | ||||||
 Yes | 1.09 | (0.75–1.60) | 1.06 | (0.75–1.49) | 1.21 | (0.88–1.67) |
Vision (clear) | ||||||
 Average | 0.93 | (0.69–1.27) | 1.25 | (0.94–1.65) | 1.10 | (0.82–1.48) |
 Unclear | 1.09 | (0.77–1.55) | 1.23 | (0.88–1.71) | 1.92 | (1.36–2.72) |
Comorbidities (0) | ||||||
 1 | 1.61 | (1.16–2.24) | 1.16 | (0.87–1.54) | 1.18 | (0.85–1.64) |
  ≥ 2 | 2.41 | (1.74–3.35) | 1.19 | (0.89–1.61) | 1.12 | (0.81–1.54) |
Urinary incontinence (no) | ||||||
 Yes | 1.09 | (0.80–1.49) | 1.29 | (0.90–1.84) | 1.42 | (1.04–1.94) |
Depressive symptoms (no) | ||||||
 Yes | 1.51 | (1.12–2.03) | 1.77 | (1.35–2.31) | 1.45 | (1.06–1.98) |
Frequency of exercise (none) | ||||||
 Irregular | 1.20 | (0.70–2.04) | 0.77 | (0.46–1.29) | 0.87 | (0.45–1.69) |
 Regular | 1.12 | (0.85–1.49) | 0.81 | (0.63–1.04) | 0.80 | (0.62–1.03) |