Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study subjects
Non-AKI (n = 43,166) | AKI (n = 3846) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 64 ± 16 | 65 ± 18 | 0.005 |
Male [n (%)] | 26,053 (60.4%) | 2184 (56.8%) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 87.1 ± 24.9 | 86.9 ± 36.4 | 0.653 |
Length of hospital stay (days) | 15 (11, 23) | 17 (10, 31) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidity [n (%)] | |||
Hypertension | 12,064 (27.9%) | 973 (25.3%) | < 0.001 |
Myocardial infarction | 1987 (4.6%) | 232 (6.0%) | < 0.001 |
Congestive heart failure | 6983 (16.2%) | 560 (14.6%) | 0.009 |
Peripheral disease | 7795 (18.1%) | 744 (19.3%) | 0.047 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 7795 (18.1%) | 744 (19.3%) | 0.047 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 6019 (13.9%) | 364 (9.5%) | < 0.001 |
Dementia | 173 (0.4%) | 16 (0.4%) | 0.886 |
Connective tissue disease | 703 (1.6%) | 68 (1.8%) | 0.514 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 517 (1.2%) | 44 (1.1%) | 0.769 |
Mild liver disease | 5134 (11.9%) | 496 (12.9%) | 0.066 |
Diabetes without end-organ damage | 5428 (12.6%) | 460 (12.0%) | 0.270 |
Hemiplegia | 49 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.037 |
Mild to moderate renal disease | 3248 (7.5%) | 432 (11.2%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes with end-organ damage | 1946 (4.5%) | 154 (4.0%) | 0.147 |
Tumor without metastasis | 8702 (20.2%) | 682 (17.7%) | < 0.001 |
Leukemia | 232 (0.5%) | 27 (0.7%) | 0.186 |
Lymphoma | 87 (0.2%) | 18 (0.3%) | < 0.001 |
Moderate or severe liver disease | 229 (0.5%) | 39 (1.0%) | < 0.001 |
Metastatic solid tumor | 1572 (3.6%) | 164 (4.3%) | 0.050 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 2 (0, 3) | 2 (0, 3) | 0.955 |
Medications [n (%)] | |||
Aminoglycosides | 4310 (10.0%) | 637 (16.6%) | < 0.001 |
Glycopeptides | 191 (0.4%) | 69 (1.8%) | < 0.001 |
ACEIs or ARBs | 7412 (17.2%) | 610 (15.9%) | 0.038 |
Diureticsa | 6336 (14.7%) | 1070 (27.8%) | < 0.001 |
NSAIDs | 4810 (11.1%) | 675 (17.6%) | < 0.001 |