Table 4 Characteristics of patients with sepsis
|  | Fit (CFS 1–3) | Vulnerable (CFS 4) | Frail (CFS 5–9) |  |
|---|---|---|---|---|
303 (50.6) | 104 (17.4) | 192 (32.1) | p-value | |
Age at admission (years old) | 68 (55–78) | 73 (64–81) | 78 (69–84) | < 0.01 |
Sex. male | 175 (57.8) | 66 (63.5) | 96 (50.0) | 0.06 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 (20.0–25.0) | 22.5 (20.0–24.8) | 20.8 (17.8–23.3) | < 0.01 |
Coexisting conditions | ||||
 Myocardial infarction | 8 (2.6) | 7 (6.7) | 6 (3.1) | 0.14 |
 Congestive heart failure | 19 (6.3) | 11 (10.6) | 26 (13.5) | 0.02 |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 9 (3.0) | 6 (5.8) | 6 (3.1) | 0.38 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 19 (6.3) | 9 (8.7) | 29 (15.1) | 0.01 |
 Dementia | 11 (3.6) | 15 (14.4) | 47 (24.5) | < 0.01 |
 COPD | 11 (3.6) | 12 (11.5) | 27 (14.1) | < 0.01 |
 Connective tissue disease | 12 (4.0) | 13 (12.5) | 17 (8.9) | 0.01 |
 Peptic ulcer disease | 13 (4.3) | 1 (1.0) | 10 (5.2) | 0.19 |
 Diabetes mellitus without organ damage | 44 (14.5) | 21 (20.2) | 39 (20.3) | 0.18 |
 Diabetes mellitus with organ damage | 24 (7.9) | 18 (17.3) | 12 (6.2) | < 0.01 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 17 (5.6) | 19 (18.3) | 15 (7.8) | < 0.01 |
 Hemiplegia | 3 (1.0) | 3 (2.9) | 24 (12.5) | < 0.01 |
 Malignancy (solid) | 26 (8.6) | 18 (17.3) | 25 (13.0) | 0.04 |
 Malignancy (blood) | 6 (2.0) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 0.24 |
 Metastatic tumor | 6 (2.0) | 4 (3.8) | 5 (2.6) | 0.57 |
 Mild liver disease | 8 (2.6) | 11 (10.6) | 7 (3.6) | < 0.01 |
 Moderate to severe liver disease | 12 (4.0) | 1 (1.0) | 9 (4.7) | 0.25 |
 AIDS | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
CCI | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.01 |
SOFA score | 8 (5–11) | 8 (5–11) | 7 (5–10) | 0.75 |
APACHE II score | 19 (14–26) | 24 (18–28) | 21 (15–28) | < 0.01 |
Septic shock | 59 (19.5) | 23 (22.1) | 27 (14.1) | 0.17 |
Mechanical ventilation | 120 (39.6) | 46 (45.1) | 69 (35.9) | 0.31 |
Vital signs | ||||
 Glasgow coma scale | 13 (7–15) | 11 (8–14) | 11 (7–14) | < 0.01 |
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 105 (85–127) | 100 (79–132) | 109 (86–128) | 0.88 |
 Heat rate (/min) | 106 (90–126) | 108 (90–121) | 104 (86–119) | 0.19 |
 Respiratory rate (/min) | 24 (19–30) | 22 (18–27) | 24 (19–30) | 0.17 |
 Body temperature (°C) | 37.5 (36.6–38.5) | 37.3 (36.4–38.5) | 37.1 (36.3–38.2) | 0.04 |
Laboratory data | ||||
 White blood cells (/μL) | 11,000 (5650–15,895) | 10,555 (6625–15,925) | 11,660 (7568–17,250) | 0.35 |
 Hematocrit (%) | 35.5 (29.5–40.8) | 33.1 (26.8–39.2) | 34.3 (29.3–39.9) | 0.04 |
 Platelet (/μL) | 15.9 (9.8–23.7) | 16.8 (11.0–24.2) | 18.0 (12.8–25.5) | 0.10 |
 PT-INR | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 0.92 |
 Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.6 (1.5–4.8) | 2.7 (1.7–5.9) | 2.7 (1.6–4.4) | 0.43 |
 Glucose (mg/dL) | 139 (110–205) | 144 (108–204) | 136 (102–194) | 0.44 |
 Sodium (mEq/L) | 137 (134–141) | 137 (135–141) | 138 (134–142) | 0.59 |
 Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.0 (3.6–4.6) | 4.0 (3.4–4.7) | 4.1 (3.6–4.6) | 0.53 |
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.5 (0.9–2.8) | 1.6 (0.9–3.0) | 1.3 (0.7–2.1) | 0.01 |
 Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.7 (0.50–1.1) | 0.01 |
 C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 14.4 (5.4–24.7) | 12.2 (4.0–25.3) | 11.1 (3.0–21.1) | 0.03 |
Positive blood cultures | 135 (46.6) | 47 (47.5) | 82 (45.6) | 0.95 |
Site of infection at final diagnosis | ||||
 Lung | 90 (29.7) | 38 (36.5) | 79 (41.1) | < 0.01 |
 Abdomen | 67 (22.1) | 20 (19.2) | 32 (16.7) | |
 Urinary tract | 47 (15.5) | 13 (12.5) | 41 (21.4) | |
 Soft Tissue | 36 (11.9) | 16 (15.4) | 18 (9.4) | |
 Others | 33 (10.9) | 8 (7.7) | 7 (3.6) | |