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Table 2 Primary and secondary outcome measures at baseline 3 and 9 months post intervention (mean ± SD)

From: Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY for older people – results from the ENJOY Seniors Exercise Park project translation research in the community

Measure

Baseline

3 months

P value

Baseline vs 3 months post

(n = 80)

\( {\eta}_p^2 \)

Baseline vs 3 months

9 months

P value

Baseline vs 9 months post (n = 58)

\( {\eta}_p^2 \)

Baseline vs 9 months

P value

3 months vs 9 months (n = 58)

\( {\eta}_p^2 \)

3 months vs 9 months

Physical activity level CHAMPS (per week)

 All exercise - caloric expenditure

2581.9 ± 1705.6

3472.3 ± 2182.7

< 0.01*

0.05d

3272.1 ± 2078.5

0.01*

0.09c

0.6

0.00d

 All exercise – frequency

15.6 ± 7.5

21.6 ± 8.6

< 0.01*

0.12c

20.16 ± 9.7

< 0.01*

0.2b

0.8

0.00d

 All exercise – minutes

726.0 ± 416.8

915.5 ± 492.0

< 0.01*

0.04d

894.1 ± 519.9

0.03*

0.08c

0.5

0.00d

 Moderate exercise - caloric expenditure

587.2 ± 914.8

1036.2 ± 1328.1

0.01*

0.03d

1091.0 ± 1379.4

0.02*

0.09c

0.2

0.02d

 Moderate exercise - frequency

2.8 ± 3.4

5.6 ± 3.8

< 0.01*

0.12c

5.4 ± 5.7

< 0.01*

0.1c

0.7

0.00d

 Moderate exercise - minutes

119.4 ± 178.6

197.4 ± 235.9

0.02*

0.03d

227.4 ± 290.5

0.01*

0.1c

0.07

0.05d

Physical function

 Sit to stand

10.1 ± 3.6

12.1 ± 4.1

< 0.01*

0.06c

12.5 ± 3.7

< 0.01*

0.3b

0.5

0.00d

 Two-minute walk (m)

121.9 ± 30.4

133.1 ± 36.3

0.03*

0.02d

134.5 ± 32.6

< 0.01*

0.6b

0.4

0.01d

 Walking speed (m/s)

1.3 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.4

< 0.01*

0.04d

1.6 ± 0.3

< 0.01*

0.3b

0.08

0.06d

 Step testa

20.4 ± 6.7

27.3 ± 7.0

< 0.01*

0.20b

30.2 ± 8.0

< 0.01*

0.2b

^0.01*

0.12c

Health related quality of life

 Falls risk (FROP-Com)

11.0 ± 5.0

7.7 ± 3.9

p < 0.01*

0.09c

8.3 ± 4.5

< 0.01*

0.3b

ɬ0.01*

0.10c

 Quality of life (EQ-5D-5L -VAS)

75.6 ± 14.8

80.1 ± 14.0

0.04*

0.02 d

76.5 ± 16.3

0.5

0.00d

0.2

0.02d

 Wellbeing (WHO-5)

61.8 ± 19.6

70.0 ± 17.5

< 0.01*

0.03d

66.6 ± 19.3

0.1

0.04d

0.1

0.03d

 Loneliness UCLA 3

4.7 ± 1.6

4.3 ± 1.5

0.04*

0.01d

4.5 ± 1.5

0.9

0.00d

0.5

0.00d

 Depression (GDS-15)

3.1 ± 2.9

2.5 ± 2.4

< 0.01*

0.01d

2.6 ± 2.5

0.02*

0.09c

0.8

0.00d

 Fear of falls (Short FES-I)

11.1 ± 3.4

9.1 ± 2.2

< 0.01*

0.10c

9.5 ± 2.4

< 0.01*

0.2b

0.5

0.00d

 Social isolation (LSNS6)

17.2 ± 5.4

17.6 ± 5.0

0.3

0.00d

17.5 ± 6.1

0.6

0.00d

0.7

0.00d

 Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE)

57.9 ± 18.8

58.9 ± 17.3

0.5

0.00d

57.9 ± 16.3

0.8

0.00d

0.6

0.04d

 Enjoyment (PACES)

43.4 ± 10.1

48.5 ± 7.2

< 0.01*

0.07c

45.8 ± 1.6

0.6

0.00d

< ¥0.01*

0.15c

  1. *Significant at p < 0.05, ^improvement in Step Test; ɬ increase in falls risk (FROP-Com), ¥ reduction of enjoyment (PACES)
  2. aThe score is the sum of both limbs
  3. bLarge effect size
  4. cMedium effect size
  5. dSmall effect size
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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