International relevance of two measures of awareness of age-related change (AARC)

BMC Geriatrics

Table 3 Levels of AARC gains and losses stratified by sex and educational level

Sex
	Women (N = 7334)	Men (N = 2076)
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	t-statistics (df)	p-value
AARC-10 SF gains	18.2 (3.8)	16.9 (4.0)	−14.2203 (9408)	<.0001
AARC-10 SF losses	9.7 (3.2)	10.5 (3.5)	9.2481 (9408)	<.0001
AARC-50 cognitive functioning gains	14.2 (4.4)	13.0 (4.4)	−11.6155 (9408)	<.0001
AARC-50 cognitive functioning losses	10.0 (3.6)	10.9 (3.9)	9.6811 (9408)	<.0001
University education
	No university education (N = 2369)	Completed university education (N = 7041)
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	t-statistics (df)	p-value
AARC-10 SF gains	18.1 (3.9)	17.9 (3.9)	2.5758 (9408)	=.01
AARC-10 SF losses	10.2 (3.5)	9.8 (3.2)	5.7887 (9408)	<.0001
AARC-50 cognitive functioning gains	14.4 (4.5)	13.8 (4.4)	5.3472 (9408)	<.0001
AARC-50 cognitive functioning losses	10.5 (3.8)	10.1 (3.6)	6.0893 (9408)	<.0001

Total sample size (N) = 9410
University education was operationalized as a dichotomous variable. No university education included those participants that concluded secondary education or post-secondary education. University education included those participants that concluded vocational qualification, undergraduate degree, post-graduate degree, or doctorate. Secondary education = GCSE or O-levels. Post-secondary education = College, A-levels, NVQ3 or below, or similar. Vocational qualification = Diploma, certificate, BTEC, NVQ 4 and above, or similar. Undergraduate degree = BA or BSc, or similar. Post-graduate degree = MA, MSc, or similar. Doctorate = PhD

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