Table 1 Baseline sociodemographic, clinical, geriatric, and psychosocial characteristics of study participants overall and by self-rated health
From: Multimorbidity, physical frailty, and self-rated health in older patients with atrial fibrillation
Characteristics | Overall Analytic Sample (n = 1235) | Excellent/ Very Good Self-Rated Health (n = 491) | Good Self-Rated Health (n = 540) | Fair/Poor Self-Rated Health (n = 204) | P-value for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic | |||||
Age (mean, yrs. (sd)) | 75.5 (7.1) | 75.6 (7.1) | 75.5 (7.0) | 75.0 (7.2) | 0.85 |
Age categories (%) | |||||
65–74 years | 50.5 | 50.1 | 50.6 | 51.0 | 0.73 |
75–84 years | 36.4 | 36.5 | 36.1 | 37.2 | |
≥ 85 years | 13.1 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 11.8 | |
Women (%) | 48.7 | 45.6 | 50.4 | 51.5 | 0.10 |
Race/Ethnicity (%) | |||||
White | 86.3 | 92.4 | 86.8 | 70.1 | < 0.001 |
Non-White | 13.7 | 7.6 | 13.2 | 29.9 | |
Married (%) | 56.7 | 62.3 | 54.4 | 49.2 | < 0.01 |
Education | |||||
≤ high school | 37.5 | 28.2 | 40.6 | 52.3 | < 0.001 |
Some college | 19.3 | 17.0 | 21.4 | 19.3 | |
College graduate | 43.2 | 54.8 | 38.0 | 28.4 | |
Clinical | |||||
AF Type (%) | |||||
Paroxysmal | 66.4 | 70.6 | 62.5 | 66.8 | 0.18 |
Persistent | 15.1 | 12.4 | 16.9 | 16.6 | |
Permanent | 18.5 | 17.0 | 20.6 | 16.6 | |
Ablation Therapy (%) | 30.7 | 28.3 | 31.8 | 33.3 | 0.14 |
Symptoms of AF in past 4 weeks (%) | 29.6 | 25.9 | 31.2 | 34.2 | 0.02 |
Anticoagulation therapy (%) | |||||
DOAC | 37.5 | 36.5 | 38.5 | 37.3 | 0.30 |
Warfarin | 48.2 | 46.8 | 49.1 | 49.0 | |
None | 14.3 | 16.7 | 12.4 | 13.7 | |
Polypharmacy (≥5 medications) (%) | 28.4 | 22.4 | 28.5 | 42.6 | < 0.001 |
CHA2DS2-VASc > 2 (%) | 89.1 | 84.1 | 90.6 | 97.1 | < 0.001 |
HASBLED ≥3 (%) | 74.1 | 69.6 | 75.9 | 79.9 | < 0.01 |
Charlson comorbidity index, (mean, SD) | 6.0 (2.6) | 5.5 (2.3) | 6.1 (2.5) | 7.2 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
Charlson comorbidity index, categories (%) | |||||
1–2 | 4.9 | 7.9 | 3.3 | 2.0 | < 0.001 |
3–4 | 26.3 | 31.0 | 26.1 | 15.7 | |
≥ 5 | 68.8 | 61.1 | 70.6 | 82.4 | |
Psychosocial and Geriatric | |||||
Low social support (%) | 26.6 | 21.0 | 28.7 | 34.3 | < 0.001 |
Cognitive impairment (%) | 35.9 | 29.6 | 36.7 | 49.0 | < 0.001 |
Hearing impairment (%) | 36.2 | 33.6 | 35.2 | 45.1 | 0.01 |
Visual impairment (%) | 34.2 | 17.3 | 38.3 | 64.2 | < 0.001 |
Frailty (%) | |||||
Not Frail | 33.4 | 47.4 | 28.7 | 12.2 | < 0.001 |
Pre-Frail | 52.8 | 49.2 | 56.7 | 51.0 | |
Frail | 13.8 | 3.3 | 14.6 | 36.8 | |
Independent functioning (IADLs) (Mean, SD) | 6.7 (0.8) | 6.9 (0.6) | 6.7 (0.8) | 6.5 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
Health behaviors | |||||
Alcohol use (%) | 54.9 | 65.8 | 51.7 | 37.4 | < 0.001 |
Smoking status (%) | |||||
Never smoker | 46.7 | 52.1 | 43.7 | 41.6 | < 0.01 |
Former smoker | 50.1 | 45.7 | 52.9 | 53.5 | |
Current Smoker | 3.2 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 4.9 | |