Characteristics | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Regression coefficient | 95% CI | Regression coefficient | 95% CI | |
Age | ||||
 65–69 years old (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 70–74 years old | −0.0312 | − 0.0441, − 0.0183 | −0.0235 | − 0.0330, − 0.0141 |
 75–79 years old | −0.0740 | − 0.0908, − 0.0571 | −0.0434 | − 0.0565, − 0.0302 |
 80–84 years old | − 0.1562 | − 0.1821, − 0.1303 | −0.1040 | − 0.1233, − 0.0848 |
 85 years old and above | − 0.3014 | − 0.3572, − 0.2457 | −0.2166 | − 0.2591, − 0.1740 |
BMI | ||||
 Obesity | 0.0135 | − 0.0079, 0.0350 | −0.0026 | − 0.0192, 0.0139 |
 Overweight | 0.0275 | 0.0162 0.0388 | 0.0022 | − 0.0059, 0.0104 |
 Emaciation | −0.1123 | − 0.1460, − 0.0787 | − 0.0437 | − 0.0678, − 0.0195 |
 Normal (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
Sex | ||||
 Male (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Female | −0.0233 | − 0.0345, − 0.0122 | −0.0021 | − 0.0130, 0.0087 |
Ethnicity | ||||
 Han (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Others | −0.0504 | −0.0832, − 0.0175 | −0.0093 | − 0.0316, 0.0130 |
Educational level | ||||
 University | 0.1113 | 0.0847, 0.1380 | 0.0588 | 0.0364, 0.0811 |
 Middle school | 0.0993 | 0.0764, 0.1221 | 0.0395 | 0.0213, 0.0576 |
 Primary school | 0.0668 | 0.0424, 0.0913 | 0.0317 | 0.0130, 0.0503 |
 Illiterate (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
Marriage | ||||
 Divorced or widowed | −0.0583 | −0.0816, −0.0350 | −0.0013 | − 0.0185, 0.0159 |
 Married (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
Frail | ||||
 Yes | −0.3713 | −0.4060, − 0.3365 | −0.2835 | − 0.3159, − 0.2510 |
 No (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
Depression | ||||
 Yes | −0.2575 | −0.2867, − 0.2284 | −0.1491 | − 0.1715, − 0.1268 |
 No (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
Admission to hospital | ||||
 Emergency department | −0.0591 | −0.0859, − 0.0323 | −0.0142 | − 0.0348, 0.0064 |
 Outpatient department (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Transit from other hospitals | −0.0085 | −0.0452, 0.0283 | 0.0240 | −0.0015, 0.0495 |
 Others | −0.0150 | − 0.0888, 0.0588 | −0.0026 | − 0.0500, 0.0447 |
Living conditions | ||||
 Building with elevators (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Building without elevators | 0.0092 | −0.0036, 0.0220 | 0.0099 | 0.0004, 0.0194 |
 Bungalow | −0.0487 | −0.0680, − 0.0295 | −0.0137 | − 0.0298, 0.0025 |
Smoking | ||||
 Non-smoker (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Current smoker | 0.0245 | 0.0080, 0.0410 | −0.0054 | −0.0192, 0.0085 |
 Former smoker | −0.0120 | −0.0276, 0.0035 | − 0.0142 | −0.0262, − 0.0022 |
Alcohol drinking | ||||
 Non-drinker (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Current drinker | 0.0563 | 0.0429, 0.0697 | 0.0176 | 0.0062, 0.0290 |
 Former drinker | −0.0103 | −0.0305, 0.0098 | − 0.0092 | −0.0242, 0.0059 |
Falling accidents in past 12 months | ||||
 Yes | −0.0984 | −0.1180, − 0.0789 | −0.0484 | − 0.0641, − 0.0327 |
 No (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
Vision | ||||
 Normal (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Dysfunction | −0.0661 | −0.0841, − 0.0481 | −0.0132 | − 0.0290, 0.0026 |
Hearing | ||||
 Normal (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Dysfunction | −0.0767 | −0.0945, − 0.0589 | −0.0252 | − 0.0413, − 0.0091 |
Cognitive function | ||||
 Normal (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Dysfunction | −0.1517 | −0.1733, − 0.1302 | −0.0742 | − 0.0895, − 0.0588 |
Sleeping | ||||
 Normal (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Dysfunction | −0.0529 | −0.0634, − 0.0425 | −0.0011 | − 0.0094, 0.0073 |
Urinary function | ||||
 Normal (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Dysfunction | −0.0998 | −0.1278, − 0.0718 | −0.0365 | − 0.0533, − 0.0197 |
Defecation function | ||||
 Normal (ref.) | – | – | – | – |
 Dysfunction | −0.1195 | −0.1442, − 0.0948 | −0.0394 | − 0.0559, − 0.0228 |