Table 3 Multivariate regression results for relationships of health behaviours to QoL and health outcomes. Analyses were controlled for background characteristics.

Age (years)

.003

.001

.048

<.001

−.247

.014

−.224

<.001

.047

.004

.179

<.001

Gender (female)

−.035

.016

−.030

.031

−1.544

.270

−.076

<.001

.065

.069

.013

.344

Residence (rural)

.003

.017

.003

.849

−3.153

.271

−.154

<.001

.595

.069

.122

<.001

Marital status (non-single)

.073

.019

.048

<.001

.838

.318

.032

.008

−.118

.081

−.019

.147

Education (lower)

−.065

.017

−.054

<.001

−3.358

.274

−.162

<.001

.0.18

.070

.004

.797

Income (quintile 2)

.154

.023

.103

<.001

.809

.371

.032

.029

−.293

.095

−.048

.002

Income (quintile 3)

.282

.023

.193

<.001

2.092

.375

.083

<.001

−.164

.095

−.028

.085

Income (quintile 4)

.350

.023

.246

<.001

4.771

.378

.195

<.001

−.438

.096

−.075

<.001

Income (quintile 5, highest)

.507

.024

.354

<.001

5.897

.399

.234

<.001

−.581

.101

−.098

<.001

 Social participation index^d

.021

.002

.128

<.001

.437

.033

.154

<.001

−.068

.008

−.101

<.001

 FV intake (sufficient)

.107

.015

.087

<.001

.267

.248

.013

.282

−.032

.064

−.006

.618

 PA (active)

.112

.015

.091

<.001

.718

.245

.033

.003

−.786

.062

−.155

<.001

 Daily smoker (yes)

.008

.020

.006

.689

−.536

.325

−.021

.100

−.071

.083

−.012

.393

 Constant

2.586

.076

–

<.001

48.880

1.249

–

<.001

−.467

.318

–

.142

Overall adjusted R²

.160

.293

.113

Model F value

90.38

<.001

185.09

<.001

61.87

<.001

n

6099

5761

6200