Table 2 Characteristics of the study population and comparisons between retrospectively reported injurious falls versus non-injurious falls
From: Kidney function and other factors and their association with falls
Variable | All (N = 746) | No injurious falls (Fractures/treated injury/untreated injury) (N = 262) | At least 1 injurious fall (Fractures/treated injury/untreated injury) (N = 484) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yrs. | 79.6 (6.6) | 80.0 (6.6) | 79.5 (6.7) | 0.259 |
Gender (Female), n (%) | 461 (61.8) | 140 (53.4 | 321 (66.3) | 0.001 |
Educational level, years | 11.0 (6.0) | 11.0 (6.0) | 11.0 (7.0) | 0.569 |
Living alone, n (%) | 210 (28.2) | 71 (27.1) | 139 (28.7) | 0.639 |
MMSE score | 29.0 (3.0) | 29.0 (3.0) | 29.0 (3.0) | 0.947 |
Geriatric Depression Score | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | 3.0 (4.0) | 0.001 |
IADL | 3.0 (11.0) | 2.0 (10.0) | 4.0 (11.0) | 0.046 |
Urinary incontinence (LUTS), n (%) | 263 (35.3) | 75 (28.6) | 188 (38.8) | 0.005 |
Euro-Qol 5D | ||||
Total Score | 8.0 (4.0) | 8.0 (4.0) | 8.0 (5.0) | 0.002 |
"your health today” | 70.0 (30.0) | 70.0 (20.0) | 70.0 (30.0) | 0.056 |
CIRS-G Total Score | 8.0 (7.0) | 8.0 (7.0) | 9.0 (7.0) | 0.545 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 586 (78.6) | 197 (75.2) | 389 (80.4) | 0.100 |
Stroke, n (%) | 63 (8.4) | 16 (6.1) | 47 (9.7) | 0.091 |
Hip fracture, n (%) | 62 (8.3) | 11 (4.2) | 51 (10.5) | 0.003 |
Osteoporosis, n (%) | 265 (35.5) | 74 (28.2) | 191 (39.5) | 0.002 |
Parkinson, n (%) | 20 (2.7) | 7 (2.7) | 13 (2.7) | 0.991 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 199 (26.7) | 76 (29.0) | 123 (25.4) | 0.289 |
Number of medications | 5.0 (8.0) | 5.0 (8.0) | 5.0 (8.0) | 0.967 |
eGFR (BIS equation) | 0.559 | |||
≥ 60, n (%) | 281 (37.7) | 95 (36.3) | 186 (38.4) | |
< 60, n (%) | 465 (62.3) | 167 (63.7) | 298 (61.6) | |
< 45, n (%) | 192 (25.7) | 68 (26.0) | 124 (25.6) | 0.718 |
< 30, n (%) | 50 (6.7) | 15 (5.7) | 35 (7.2) | 0.598 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.3 (6.2) | 27.1 (6.4) | 27.3 (6.0) | 0.877 |
SPPB Total Score | 9.0 (5.0) | 9.0 (5.0) | 8.5 (6.0) | 0.032 |
SPPB Balance | 0.184 | |||
Severe limitation, n (%) | 191 (27.4) | 56 (23.1) | 135 (29.7) | |
Moderate limitation, n (%) | 145 (20.8) | 53 (21.9) | 92 (20.2) | |
No limitation, n (%) | 361 (51.8) | 133 (55.0) | 228 (50.1) | |
SPPB Gait Speed | 0.026 | |||
≤ 8.70 s, n (%) | 647 (89.0) | 235 (92.5) | 412 (87.1) | |
> 8.70 s, n (%) | 80 (11.0) | 19 (7.5) | 61 (12.9) | |
Fear of falling | ||||
Single question: not at all concerned | 337 (45.1) | 141 (53.6) | 196 (40.5) | 0.001 |
Single question: fairly concerned | 118 (15.8) | 26 (9.9) | 92 (19.0) | 0.001 |