Table 3 Observed and expected prevalence of co-occurring pairs of diseases involving CKD defined as eGFR< 45 (upper panel) or < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (lower panel)
From: Chronic kidney disease in the context of multimorbidity patterns: the role of physical performance
Co-occurring pairs | Cases n | Observed % | Expected % | Obs/Exp ratio | Adjusted for age and sex | Fully adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | ||||||
CKD = eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 | |||||||||
 CKD | Hypertension | 509 | 22.6 | 19.0 | 1.2 | 3.87 | 2.82–5.30 | 3.01 | 2.14–4.20 |
 CKD | Vision impairment | 359 | 15.9 | 14.3 | 1.1 | 1.56 | 1.26–1.91 | 1.21 | 0.95–1.53 |
 CKD | Hearing impairment | 360 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 1.2 | 1.79 | 1.46–2.19 | 1.48 | 1.17–1.87 |
 CKD | Osteoporosis | 186 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 1.1 | 1.38 | 1.10–1.73 | 1.22 | 0.94–1.56 |
 CKD | Diabetes | 211 | 9.4 | 6.2 | 1.5 | 2.31 | 1.86–2.86 | 1.62 | 1.27–2.04 |
 Anemia | CKD | 245 | 10.9 | 5.2 | 2.1 | 4.21 | 3.36–5.26 | 3.64 | 2.86–4.61 |
 CHF | CKD | 149 | 6.6 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 2.21 | 1.73–2.81 | 1.34 | 1.00–1.79 |
 Cancer | CKD | 121 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 1.3 | 1.36 | 1.06–1.74 | 1.21 | 0.92–1.58 |
 Atrial fibrillation | CKD | 124 | 5.5 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 1.64 | 1.27–2.11 | 1.19 | 0.88–1.59 |
 CKD | Depression | 78 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 0.99 | 0.74–1.32 | 0.79 | 0.57–1.08 |
 CKD | COPD | 95 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 1.65 | 1.24–2.18 | 1.31 | 0.95–1.80 |
 CKD | Myocardial infarction | 107 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.89 | 2.14–3.89 | 2.00 | 1.43–2.78 |
 CKD | TIA | 58 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.15 | 0.82–1.61 | 0.95 | 0.65–1.39 |
 CKD | Cognitive impairment | 46 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.98 | 0.67–1.41 | 0.90 | 0.60–1.35 |
 CKD | Stroke | 46 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.49 | 1.01–2.18 | 1.21 | 0.78–1.85 |
 Angina | CKD | 49 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.74 | 1.19–2.55 | 0.98 | 0.62–1.52 |
 Asthma | CKD | 32 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.15 | 0.74–1.76 | 0.93 | 0.58–1.49 |
 CKD | Hip fracture | 24 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.66 | 0.40–1.06 | 0.67 | 0.39–1.15 |
 CKD | Parkinson | 14 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.15 | 0.59–2.22 | 0.80 | 0.38–1.66 |
CKD = eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 | |||||||||
 CKD | Hypertension | 135 | 6.0 | 4.8 | 1.3 | 8.44 | 3.43–20.7 | 5.73 | 2.29–14.3 |
 CKD | Vision impairment | 107 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 2.71 | 1.81–4.06 | 1.79 | 1.13–2.81 |
 CKD | Hearing impairment | 103 | 4.6 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 2.49 | 1.68–3.66 | 1.69 | 1.09–2.61 |
 CKD | Osteoporosis | 64 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.79 | 1.90–4.08 | 2.22 | 1.46–3.34 |
 CKD | Diabetes | 51 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.69 | 1.17–2.42 | 1.16 | 0.77–1.71 |
 Anemia | CKD | 83 | 3.7 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 5.53 | 3.83–7.96 | 4.64 | 3.16–6.79 |
 CHF | CKD | 49 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 2.70 | 1.86–3.91 | 1.77 | 1.14–2.73 |
 Cancer | CKD | 34 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.45 | 0.96–2.17 | 1.26 | 0.81–1.93 |
 Atrial fibrillation | CKD | 32 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 0.95–2.22 | 0.96 | 0.59–1.55 |
 CKD | Depression | 19 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 0.60–1.65 | 0.81 | 0.46–1.38 |
 CKD | COPD | 25 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.45 | 0.91–2.30 | 0.97 | 0.56–1.65 |
 CKD | Myocardial infarction | 28 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 2.05 | 1.30–3.21 | 1.49 | 0.89–2.50 |
 CKD | TIA | 11 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.78 | 0.40–1.47 | 0.64 | 0.31–1.28 |
 CKD | Cognitive impairment | 7 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.57 | 0.25–1.25 | 0.54 | 0.23–1.23 |
 CKD | Stroke | 13 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 1.52 | 0.82–2.78 | 1.35 | 0.68–2.65 |
 Angina | CKD | 8 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.88 | 0.41–1.84 | 0.46 | 0.20–1.03 |
 Asthma | CKD | 7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.99 | 0.44–2.16 | 0.87 | 0.38–1.99 |
 CKD | Hip fracture | 7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.93 | 0.41–2.07 | 0.83 | 0.34–1.98 |
 CKD | Parkinson | 4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.27 | 0.44–3.63 | 0.85 | 0.27–2.63 |