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Table 4 Positive, non-, and negative responders in the intervention group and mean changes in gait performance (per protocol analysis)

From: Effects of a 16-week multimodal exercise program on gait performance in individuals with dementia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

 

All

Negative responders

Non-responders

Positive responders

n

Mean change (SD)

%

Mean change (SD)

%

Mean change (SD)

%

Mean change (SD)

Single task

Walking speed, m/sec

89

−0.03 (0.21)

35%

−0.22 (0.09)

48%

−0.01 (0.05)

17%

0.32 (0.19)

Stride length, cm

89

−2.07 (14.98)

26%

−19.59 (10.15)

57%

−0.75 (5.42)

17%

20.30 (9.81)

Double support, % of stride time

89

3.57 (12.58)

29%

18.99 (8.62)

61%

−0.57 (4.69)

10%

−16.15 (6.08)

Dual task, counting backwards

Walking speed, m/sec

62

0 (0.26)

39%

−0.26 (0.11)

23%

−0.02 (0.04)

39%

0.27 (0.14)

Stride length, cm

62

2.06 (17.08)

19%

−18.36 (7.05)

50%

−2.18 (4.88)

31%

21.87 (13.99)

Double support, % of stride time

62

3.16 (14.32)

29%

20.67 (9.37)

55%

−0.36 (5.56)

16%

−16.44 (4.76)

Dual task, naming animals

Walking speed, m/sec

61

0.02 (0.29)

34%

−0.27 (0.12)

31%

−0.01 (0.06)

34%

0.33 (0.23)

Stride length, cm

61

3.49 (19.36)

23%

−18.66 (7.34)

49%

0.94 (6.27)

28%

26.21 (17.33)

Double support, % of stride time

61

−0.14 (14.68)

23%

21.12 (9.04)

56%

−1.99 (4.65)

21%

−18.20 (6.27)

  1. n: number, SD: standard deviation