Table 1 Motor and cognitive assessments to analyze differences between positive, non-, and negative responders, as well as impacts of changes in underlying motor and cognitive performance on changes in gait performance

Balance

Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques - subtest 4 (score) [63]

Mobility

Timed Up & Go Test (TUG; time in s) [64]

Strength and function of lower limb

Modified 30-Second Chair-Stand Test (30s CST; number of repetitions) [65, 66]

Modified Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; score) [67]^a

Global cognition

Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; score) [68]

Executive function and visual-spatial cognition

Clock Drawing Test (adapted Sunderland score) [69, 70]

Executive function and processing speed

Trail Making Test A (established score considering time, final number, and non-corrected mistakes, a higher score indicates better performance) [71, 72]

Attention and working memory

Digit Span forward and backward (number of correct digit spans) [73]