Effects of physical and social environments on the risk of dementia among Taiwanese older adults: a population-based case-control study

Table 6 Odds ratio of dementia in relation to environmental features and individual characteristics in residential townships by level of salary-based insurance premium

Variables	Dependents^C	<Median^C	≥Median^C
Intercept (SD)^a	−0.28(0.13)*	− 0.56(0.15)*	− 0.54 (0.15)*
Physical environments
Parks, greeneries, and square area (ref: Low)^b
Medium	0.99 (0.92–1.07)	1.05 (0.94–1.16)	0.91 (0.84–0.99)*
High	1.09 (0.99–1.19)	1.00 (0.89–1.14)	0.97 (0.89–1.07)
Playgrounds and sport venues (ref: Low)^b
Medium	0.98 (0.90–1.07)	0.98 (0.87–1.10)	0.95 (0.87–1.04)
High	0.94 (0.84–1.06)	0.97 (0.84–1.13)	0.85 (0.77–0.93)*
Community center (ref: Low)^b
Medium	0.96 (0.87–1.06)	0.96 (0.84–1.09)	0.95 (0.87–1.04)
High	1.00 (0.82–1.22)	0.87 (0.67–1.12)	0.99 (0.88–1.12)
Social environments
Median annual family income (ref: Low)^b
Medium	1.06 (0.90–1.24)	1.25 (0.99–1.57)	1.06 (0.95–1.17)
High	1.00 (0.84–1.18)	1.15 (0.90–1.46)	1.03 (0.91–1.16)
Illiterate people aged≧65 (ref: Low)^b
Medium	0.97 (0.90–1.05)	1.02 (0.92–1.14)	1.03 (0.95–1.13)
High	0.96 (0.84–1.09)	1.06 (0.88–1.27)	1.03 (0.95–1.13)
Elderly living alone (ref: Low)^b
Medium	1.02 (0.94–1.10)	1.00 (0.90–1.10)	1.06 (0.97–1.16)
High	1.04 (0.94–1.16)	0.91 (0.79–1.05)	1.07 (0.97–1.19)

^aSD Standard deviation
^b Low: < 33%, Medium: 34–65%; High: ≥ 66%
^C Based on multilevel logistic regression and adjusted for occupational status, number of comorbidities, parks and greeneries, playgrounds and sport venues, community center, median annual family income, illiterate people aged≧65, elderly living alone, hospitals and clinics, and urbanization status
* P < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2318