Sarcopenic obesity and associations with mortality in older women and men – a prospective observational study

BMC Geriatrics

Table 3 Mortality associated with various body composition phenotypes in three cohorts of older women and men

Exposures	Model 1 HR (95% CI)	Model 2 HR (95% CI)	Model 3 HR (95% CI)
H70 (women)
Sarcopenic obesity	3.25 (1.2–8.9)	2.7 (1.0–7.4)	2.6 (0.9–7.2)
Obesity (without sarcopenia)	1.7 (1.0–3.1)	1.6 (0.9–2.9)	1.6 (0.9–2.9)
H70 (men)
Sarcopenic obesity	1.5 (0.7–3.5)	1.5 (0.6–3.5)	1.4 (0.6–3.3)
Obesity (without sarcopenia)	1.2 (0.7–2.1)	1.2 (0.7–2.2)	1.2 (0.7–2.1)
ULSAM (men)
Sarcopenic obesity	0.7 (0.3–1.6)	0.65 (0.3–1.5)	0.8 (0.3–1.9)
Sarcopenia (without obesity)	1.5 (0.8–2.8)	1.35 (0.7–2.6)	1.4 (0.7–2.9)
Obesity (without sarcopenia)	0.7 (0.4–1.2)	0.6 (0.4–1.0)	0.6 (0.3–0.9)

Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Ten-year mortality is considered in the H70 studies, while four-year mortality is the outcome in the ULSAM study. Model 1 shows crude analyses in H70 women and men, whereas model 1 adjust for age in ULSAM men. In the two H70 cohorts’ model 2 adjusts for comorbidities, whereas model 2 in the ULSAM cohort includes adjustments for age and comorbidities. Model 3 includes adjustments for comorbidities and smoking in H70, and in ULSAM it adjusts for age, comorbidities, education, regular exercise, living conditions and smoking. The reference group was participants with “no sarcopenia or obesity”

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