Table 1 Baseline socioeconomic, demographic and health-related dementia risk factor characteristics according to dementia status by 2018 among those without dementia in 2012, National Health and Aging Trends Study (n = 5034)
No dementia by 2018 n = 4355 (89.5%) | Dementia by 2018 n = 679 (10.5%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean income to poverty ratio (mean income) | 4.97 ($66,020) | 3.23 ($43,524) | 0.211 |
Among participants < 500% poverty (n = 2362, 46%) | 2.15 | 1.74 | < 0.001 |
Among participants ≥500% poverty (n = 2672, 54%) | 13.36 | 11.70 | 0.876 |
Financial strain (%) | 252 (5) | 79 (11) | < 0.001 |
Education (%) | < 0.001 | ||
< High school | 840 (16) | 234 (31) | |
High school | 1205 (28) | 186 (29) | |
Some college | 1161 (28) | 140 (21) | |
≥ Bachelors | 1120 (29) | 115 (18) | |
Professional occupationa (%) | 1626 (40) | 204 (33) | 0.003 |
Own home (%) | 0.126 | ||
Not homeowner | 897 (19) | 174 (26) | |
Paying mortgage | 978 (26) | 109 (18) | |
Mortgage fully paid | 2266 (55) | 340 (56) | |
Retired (%) | 2305 (50) | 415 (62) | < 0.001 |
Age (%) | < 0.001 | ||
65–69 years | 1036 (34) | 57 (12) | |
70–74 years | 1065 (28) | 101 (19) | |
75–79 years | 905 (19) | 144 (23) | |
80–84 years | 772 (12) | 180 (24) | |
85–89 years | 390 (6) | 113 (14) | |
≥ 90 years | 187 (2) | 84 (7) | |
Gender (%) | 0.001 | ||
Male | 1883 (44) | 256 (38) | |
Female | 2472 (56) | 423 (62) | |
Race/ethnicity (%) | |||
White | 3185 (85) | 431 (76) | (ref.) |
Black | 844 (7) | 169 (10) | 0.004 |
Hispanic | 188 (5) | 56 (10) | 0.001 |
Other | 104 (3) | 17 (3) | 0.598 |
Mean BMI | 27.77 | 26.97 | 0.006 |
Heart disease (%) | 922 (20) | 143 (21) | 0.355 |
High blood pressure (%) | 3011 (65) | 486 (70) | 0.081 |
Diabetes % | 1102 (23) | 195 (29) | 0.016 |
History of Stroke (%) | 71 (1) | 24 (4) | 0.001 |
Mean pack years smoking | 15.62 | 15.71 | 0.941 |
Ever smoked (%) | 2252 (53) | 334 (52) | 0.493 |
Depressive symptoms (%) | 490 (10) | 113 (17) | < 0.001 |