Prevalence of medication-related falls in 200 consecutive elderly patients with hip fractures: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Comparison of demographics, clinical parameters and use of medications for the groups 1 to 5 shown in Fig. 1

	Group no.
	1	2	3	4	5	p-value (regression with bootstrap)
n (%)	3 (1.5)	8 (4)	59 (29.5)	48 (24)	82 (41)
Description	No fall	No medication	Extrinsic factor or tripping	Disease or disability	Medication-related fall
Age (years)	78 [77–84]	72 [70–77.5]	79 [73–85]*#	83 [78.5–89]	84 [77–89]	0.0001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	25 ± 5	25 ± 4	25 ± 4	24 ± 4	24 ± 4	0.7
SBP at admission (mmHg)	182 ± 27	150 ± 17	150 ± 25	160 ± 22	150 ± 27	0.06
Lowest SBP measured during admission (mmHg)	107 ± 33	116 ± 17	111 ± 23	111 ± 20	109 ± 20	0.8
PS at admission (%)	94 ± 4	97 ± 3	94 ± 5	94 ± 4	94 ± 4	0.1
TP at admission	37.4 ± 0.7	36.6 ± 0.7	36.8 ± 0.5#	37.1 ± 0.8	36.9 ± 0.6	0.04
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min)	51 [6–61]	81.5 [73–88] *	71 [50–86]	75 [47–86]	66 [44–82]	0.04
Sodium (mmol/l)	140 [137–143]	139 [136–141]	140 [138–141]*#	137 [135–141]	138 [136–141]	0.002
Number of drugs at admission	11.6 ± 5.1	–	6.4 ± 4.3*	6.4 ± 3.3*	9.7 ± 4.0	< 0.0001
Number of FRIDS at admission	2.3 ± 1.2	–	2.3 ± 1.4*	1.75 ± 1.3*	3.7 ± 1.2	< 0.0001
Proportion of patients with PIMs (n (%))	3 (100)	–	34 (57) Ɨ	25 (52) Ɨ	79 (96)	–

The table shows means ± standard deviations for parametric data and medians [interquartile range] for nonparametric data. Differences in the numeric data between groups were analysed by regression with a bootstrap analysis; *: p-value < 0.05 vs group 5. #: p-value < 0.05 vs group 4. Differences in the proportion of patients with PIMs were analysed by pairwise two-sample z-tests among groups 3, 4, and 5; Ɨ: p-value < 0.001 vs group 5. Abbreviations: SBP systolic blood pressure, PS peripheral saturation, TP temperature, FRIDS Fall-risk-increasing medications, PIMs Potentially inappropriate medications. Number of persons with missing data for each variable: age: 0, body mass index: 24 (0, 1, 6, 6, and 11 in group 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively), SBP at admission: 2 (2 in group 5), lowest blood pressure during admission: 8 (1, 2, and 5 in group 3, 4, and 5, respectively), PS: 4 (4 in group 5), TP: 8 (2 and 6 in group 3 and 5, respectively), estimated glomerular filtration rate: 1 (1 in group 4), sodium; 2 (1 in group 4 and 5), number of drugs, FRIDs and PIMs: 0

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