Table 1 Participant characteristics
Variables | All participants (n = 1324) | Categories (nmol/L) | Statistics a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (≤26.13) | Q2 (26.13–35.89) | Q3 (35.89–50.00) | Q4 (> 50.00) | |||
Socio-demographics, n (%) | ||||||
 Age (80–112), M (SD) | 92.89 (7.92) | 95.63 (7.49) | 93.37 (7.72) | 91.85 (7.85) | 90.70 (7.78) | 25.207*** |
 Female | 844 (63.7) | 251 (75.8) | 236 (71.3) | 200 (60.2) | 157 (47.6) | 68.190*** |
 Married | 294 (22.3) | 44 (13.3) | 60 (18.2) | 83 (25.1) | 107 (32.7) | 40.503*** |
 Rural | 1124 (84.9) | 282 (85.2) | 282 (85.2) | 265 (79.8) | 295 (89.4) | 11.925** |
 No schooling | 998 (76.4) | 279 (85.8) | 257 (78.4) | 242 (74.2) | 220 (67.1) | 33.410*** |
 With household member(s) | 950 (73.2) | 263 (82.2) | 236 (72.2) | 225 (69.7) | 226 (69.1) | 25.873*** |
Health characteristics, n (%) | ||||||
 Smoking | 148 (11.3) | 28 (8.5) | 39 (11.8) | 37 (11.2) | 44 (13.5) | 4.337 |
 Drinking | 167 (12.7) | 32 (9.7) | 41 (12.5) | 45 (13.6) | 49 (14.9) | 0.218 |
 Regular exercise | 178 (13.9) | 27 (8.4) | 38 (11.9) | 54 (16.7) | 59 (18.6) | 17.317*** |
 Hypertension | 785 (62.2) | 197 (61.9) | 195 (62.1) | 192 (61.5) | 201 (63.0) | 0.155 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 98 (7.4) | 28 (8.5) | 25 (7.6) | 24 (7.3) | 21 (6.4) | 1.057 |
 Heart diseases | 91 (7.0) | 24 (7.4) | 24 (7.4) | 27 (8.4) | 16 (4.9) | 3.398 |
 Cerebrovascular diseases | 102 (7.8) | 34 (10.4) | 31 (9.5) | 18 (5.5) | 19 (5.8) | 8.630* |
 Respiratory diseases | 116 (8.9) | 29 (9.0) | 32 (9.8) | 23 (7.0) | 32 (9.8) | 2.080 |
Biomarkers, M (IQR) | ||||||
 CRP (mg/L) | 1.01 (0.41,2.93) | 1.12 (0.38,3.35) | 0.93 (0.43,3.05) | 0.96 (0.41,2.54) | 1.09 (0.39,2.75) | 1.491 |
 ALB (g/L) | 39.10 (35.90,42.40) | 37.90 (35.30,41.40) | 38.60 (35.48,42.12) | 39.70 (36.70,42.93) | 39.90 (37.20,42.80) | 29.923*** |
 CHO (mmol/L) | 4.16 (3.52,4.79) | 4.03 (3.49,4.72) | 4.21 (3.51,4.79) | 4.21 (3.47,4.97) | 4.20 (3.70,4.78) | 4.186 |
 CREA (mmol/L) | 78 (65,96) | 69 (60,85) | 77 (63,93) | 82 (69,98) | 87 (71,102) | 76.765*** |
 HDLC (mmol/L) | 1.23 (1.03,1.49) | 1.20 (1.01,1.45) | 1.25 (1.04,1.51) | 1.27 (1.03,1.55) | 1.23 (1.04,1.46) | 5.065 |
 LDLC (mmol/L) | 2.45 (1.94,3.02) | 2.40 (1.92,2.97) | 2.42 (1.89,3.05) | 2.41 (1.86,3.08) | 2.54 (2.04,3.00) | 5.147 |
 TG (mmol/L) | 0.79 (0.59,1.10) | 0.78 (0.59,1.07) | 0.79 (0.58,1.09) | 0.82 (0.61,1.16) | 0.77 (0.57,1.07) | 6.429 |
 SOD (IU/mL) | 58.53 (53.43,63.24) | 56.75 (51.75,62.97) | 58.18 (53.49,63.20) | 58.75 (53.33,63.06) | 59.39 (55.39,64.24) | 18.975*** |
 MDA (μmol/L) | 4.71 (3.73,5.79) | 4.81 (3.93,5.89) | 4.87 (3.88,5.91) | 4.84 (3.82,5.83) | 4.33 (3.25,5.55) | 27.303*** |
 WBC (109/L) | 5.30 (4.30,6.40) | 4.80 (4.00,6.00) | 5.10 (4.10,6.10) | 5.60 (4.57,6.60) | 5.60 (5.60,6.80) | 34.983*** |
 HGB (g/L) | 118 (106,131) | 121 (110,133) | 120 (107,132) | 116 (105,129) | 117 (105,131) | 11.618*** |
Frailty, n (%) | 426 (33.2) | 162 (48.9) | 112 (33.8) | 93 (28.0) | 59 (17.9) | 76.606*** |