Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants
Total | Normal | Abnormal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 40,774 (%) | N = 25,112 (%) | N = 15,661 (%) | P valueb | |
Sex (women) (%) | 21,690 (53.2) | 12,662 (50.4) | 9028 (57.7) | < 0.001 |
Income, lowest quintile | 10,026 (24.6) | 6258 (24.9) | 3768 (24.1) | 0.029 |
Timed up and go (sec) | 9.4 ± 4.3 | 7.4 ± 1.4 | 12.5 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2)a | 24.2 ± 3.0 | 24.2 ± 3.0 | 24.4 ± 3.1 | |
< 18.5 | 973 (2.4) | 603 (2.4) | 370 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
18.5–23 | 13,017 (31.9) | 8140 (32.4) | 4877 (31.1) | |
23–25 | 11,236 (27.6) | 7070 (28.2) | 4166 (26.6) | |
≥ 25 | 15,548 (38.1) | 9299 (37.0) | 6248 (39.9) | |
Cigarette smoking | ||||
Never | 18.162 (70.2) | 11,089 (68.5) | 7072 (73.1) | < 0.001 |
Former | 3757 (14.5) | 2547 (15.7) | 1210 (13.0) | |
Current | 3949 (15.3) | 2557 (15.8) | 1392 (14.0) | |
At-risk alcohol drinking | 12,483 (30.6) | 7842 (31.2) | 4641 (29.6) | < 0.001 |
Regular exercise | 15,539 (38.1) | 9694 (38.6) | 5845 (37.3) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 29,110 (71.4) | 17,668 (70.4) | 11,442 (73.1) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 18,548 (45.5) | 11,233 (44.7) | 7315 (46.7) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 22,511 (55.2) | 13,826 (55.1) | 8685 (55.5) | 0.431 |
Chronic kidney disease | 1273 (3.1) | 770 (3.1) | 503 (3.2) | 0.411 |
Normal activity of daily living | 25,172 (96.6) | 15,635 (96.3) | 9536 (97.2) | < 0.001 |
Normal cognition | 31,067 (77.9) | 19,249 (78.5) | 11,818 (76.9) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease | 3111 (7.6) | 1745 (7.0) | 1366 (8.7) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular death | 271 (0.7) | 137 (0.6) | 134 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
All-cause death | 2146 (5.3) | 1207 (4.8) | 939 (6.0) | < 0.001 |