Table 1 Demographic data and risk factors of dysphagia in hip fracture patients ≥65 years of age
Variable | Total | Dysphagia | Non-dysphagic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 546) | (n = 29) | (n = 517) | ||||
Mean (SD) or n (%) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | Chi-square | Effect size | P | |
Age (years) | 80.3 (7.0) | 82.3 (6.0) | 80.1 (7.0) | 0.307 | 0.109 | |
Gender (male/female) | 153/393 | 14/15 | 139/378 | 6.229 | 0.108 | 0.013 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.1 (4.3) | 20.6 (3.6) | 22.2 (4.3) | 0.370 | 0.053 | |
ASA classification ≥3 | 295 (54.0%) | 23 (79.3%) | 272 (52.6%) | 7.881 | 0.120 | 0.005 |
Stroke | 90 (16.5%) | 9 (31.0%) | 81 (15.7%) | 4.710 | 0.093 | 0.030 |
Dementia | 86 (15.8%) | 8 (27.6%) | 78 (15.1%) | 3.233 | 0.077 | 0.072 |
Delirium | 38 (7.0%) | 5 (17.2%) | 33 (6.4%) | 5.000 | 0.096 | 0.025 |
Smoking | 28 (5.1%) | 5 (17.2%) | 23 (4.4%) | 9.852 | 0.134 | 0.002 |
Fracture type | 1.731 | 0.056 | 0.188 | |||
Femoral neck | 274 (50.2%) | 18 (62.1%) | 256 (49.5%) | |||
Intertrochanteric | 272 (49.8%) | 11 (37.9%) | 261 (50.5%) | |||
Operation time (min) | 110.6 (24.1) | 116.8 (39.4) | 109.7 (22.9) | 0.298 | 0.122 | |
Interval between injury and operation ≥2 days | 70 (12.8%) | 7 (24.1%) | 63 (12.2%) | 3.510 | 0.080 | 0.061 |
Method of anaesthesia | 0.680 | 0.035 | 0.410 | |||
General | 242 (44.3%) | 15 (51.7%) | 227 (43.9%) | |||
Spinal | 304 (55.7%) | 14 (48.3%) | 290 (56.1%) | |||
Surgical technique | 2.976 | 0.074 | 0.084 | |||
Arthroplasty | 254 (46.5%) | 18 (62.1%) | 236 (45.6%) | |||
Internal fixation | 292 (53.5%) | 11 (37.9%) | 281 (54.4%) | |||
Malnutrition (Albumin< 3.5 g/dL) | 110 (20.1%) | 14 (48.3%) | 96 (18.6%) | 15.673 | 0.120 | 0.005 |
Dehydration (BUN/creatinine > 20) | 355 (65.0%) | 21 (72.4%) | 334 (64.6%) | 0.958 | 0.042 | 0.391 |