Table 1 Characteristics of Ischemic Stroke Patients in Singapore from 2011 to 2015, With and Without Recorded Modified Rankin Scores
From: Post-stroke patients with moderate function have the greatest risk of falls: a National Cohort Study
Variables | With Rankin Score (n = 2255) | Without Rankin Score (n = 19,569) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Proportion | Frequency | Proportion | |||
Age (mean, sd) | 66.6 | (12.8) | 67.7 | (13.3) | < 0.001 | |
Blood Sugar Level, mmol/L (mean, sd) | 8.9 | (4.47) | 9.2 | (4.67) | 0.014 | |
Haemoglobin at Admission, g/dL (mean, sd) | 13.8 | (1.89) | 13.5 | (2.11) | < 0.001 | |
Gender | 0.910 | |||||
Male | 1319 | 58.5% | 11,472 | 58.6% | ||
Female | 936 | 41.5% | 8097 | 41.4% | ||
Ethnicity | 0.436 | |||||
Chinese | 1690 | 74.9% | 14,858 | 75.9% | ||
Malay | 389 | 17.3% | 3120 | 15.9% | ||
Indian | 146 | 6.5% | 1331 | 6.8% | ||
Others | 30 | 1.3% | 260 | 1.3% | ||
Smoking | 0.005 | |||||
Non-smoker | 1321 | 58.6% | 11,224 | 57.4% | ||
Ex-smoker | 281 | 12.5% | 2800 | 14.3% | ||
Current-smoker | 628 | 27.8% | 4893 | 25.0% | ||
Diabetes Mellitus | 950 | 42.1% | 8515 | 43.5% | 0.209 | |
Hypertension | 1838 | 81.5% | 16,122 | 82.4% | 0.301 | |
Hyperlipidaemia | 2057 | 91.2% | 17,668 | 90.4% | 0.154 | |
Atrial Fibrillation | 458 | 20.3% | 3874 | 19.8% | 0.562 | |
History of TIA or Stroke | 324 | 14.4% | 3963 | 20.3% | < 0.001 | |
Anti-platelet at discharge | 1920 | 85.1% | 16,214 | 82.9% | 0.006 | |
Anti-coagulant at discharge | 266 | 11.8% | 1623 | 8.3% | < 0.001 | |
Discharge Home | 1563 | 69.3% | 11,090 | 56.7% | < 0.001 | |
On Stroke Pathway | 2110 | 93.6% | 14,327 | 73.2% | < 0.001 | |
Final Modified Rankin Score (n = 2324) | ||||||
0 | 450 | 20.0% | ||||
1 | 519 | 23.0% | ||||
2 | 379 | 16.8% | ||||
3 | 357 | 15.8% | ||||
4 | 381 | 16.9% | ||||
5 | 169 | 7.5% | ||||
Deaths by December 2015 | 93 | 4.1% | 4051 | 20.7% | < 0.001 | |
Sustained a Fall before Death | 0 | 0.0% | 349 | 1.8% | < 0.001 | |
No Fall before Death | 93 | 4.1% | 3702 | 18.9% | < 0.001 | |
Low Falls, Total Number | 54 | 2.4% | 1996 | 10.2% | < 0.001 | |
Low Falls, By Rankin Score | ||||||
0 | 5 | 9.3% | ||||
1 | 10 | 18.5% | ||||
2 | 12 | 22.2% | ||||
3 | 11 | 20.4% | ||||
4 | 12 | 22.2% | ||||
5 | 4 | 7.4% | ||||
Low Falls with a Recorded AIS of 3 or more in:* | ||||||
External Region (Skin, exc. burns) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | – | |
Face | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | – | |
Head | 4 | 0.18% | 239 | 1.22% | < 0.001 | |
Head† AIS ≥ 3 | On anti-platelet on discharge | 2 | 0.10% | 104 | 0.64% | 0.001 |
On anti-coagulation on discharge | 0 | 0% | 14 | 0.86% | 0.24 | |
On anti-platelet or anti-coagulation on discharge | 2 | 0.09% | 114 | 0.66% | < 0.001 | |
Lower Extremities | 3 | 0.13% | 135 | 0.69% | < 0.001 | |
Neck | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 0.01% | 1.000 | |
Spine | 1 | 0.04% | 19 | 0.10% | 0.715 | |
Thorax | 0 | 0.00% | 10 | 0.05% | 0.613 | |
Upper Extremities | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.01% | 1.000 | |