Patient and system factors associated with unassisted and injurious falls in hospitals: an observational study

BMC Geriatrics

Table 4 Odds Ratios for Patient and System Factors Associated with Increased Odds of Falling Unassisted

Patient or System Factor	Crude Odds Ratio^* (95% CI)	Adjusted Odds Ratio^† (95% CI)
Age > 65 years^‡	1.89 (1.11–3.21)	2.55 (1.30–5.03)
Cognitively Impaired^§	3.21 (1.95–5.28)	3.70 (2.06–6.63)
Gait Belt NOT Identified as an Intervention^ǁ	5.35 (3.15–9.08)	6.97 (3.75–12.94)

CI, Confidence Interval.
^*Calculated using univariate logistic regression with all falls considered independent events
^†Calculated using multivariate logistic regression and adjusted for the influence of other variables in the model
^‡Reference category = 19 to 64 years
^§Cognitively impaired includes the three contributing patient factors of “cognitive impairment,” “impulsive behavior,” or “overestimated ability.” Reference category = not cognitively impaired
^ǁGait Belt NOT Identified as an Intervention” means the hospital did not identify a gait belt as an intervention to prevent a reported fall (i.e. gait belt use was not in the nursing care plan). Reference category = Gait Belt was Identified as an Intervention to Prevent a Reported Fall

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