Medication in use | Intervention group (N = 27) | Control group (N = 64) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | At 12 months | Adjusted mean change [95% CI] or adjusted OR (95% CI) for change | p for change | Baseline | At 12 months | Adjusted mean change [95% CI] or adjusted OR (95% CI) for change | p for change | Pi for the difference in change between the groups | |
Number of all medications, mean (SD) | 14.0 (3.9) | 13.3 (3.3) | −0.02 [−1.24–1.20] | 0.97 | 12.7 (4.3) | 13.0 (4.0) | 0.38 [−0.59–1.36] | 0.44 | 0.46 |
Harmful medicationa user, n (%) | 23 (85.2) | 22 (81.5) | 0.61 (0.13–2.88) | 0.54 | 51 (79.7) | 51 (79.7) | 1.00 (0.50–2.02) | 1.00 | 0.58 |
Beers Criteria [23] medication user, n (%) | 26 (96.3) | 25 (92.6) | 0.42 (0.02–7.52) | 0.56 | 58 (90.6) | 57 (89.1) | 0.82 (0.34–1.95) | 0.65 | 0.67 |
Psychotropic medicationb user, n (%) | 21 (77.8) | 19 (70.4) | 0.47 (0.04–5.24) | 0.54 | 32 (50.0) | 30 (46.9) | 0.56 (0.11–2.72) | 0.47 | 0.90 |
Anticholinergic medicationc user, n (%) | 8 (29.6) | 5 (18.5) | 0.62 (0.25–1.56) | 0.31 | 12 (18.8) | 12 (18.8) | 1.00 (0.72–1.39) | 1.00 | 0.34 |
CNS medicationd user, n (%) | 25 (92.6) | 20 (74.1) | 0.15 (0.03–0.80) | 0.03 | 45 (70.3) | 43 (67.2) | 0.81 (0.37–1.77) | 0.59 | 0.08 |
Therapeutic duplication | |||||||||
Proportion using > 3 psychotropic medicationsb, n (%) | 5 (18.5) | 2 (7.4) | 0.35 (0.11–1.10) | 0.07 | 6 (9.4) | 5 (7.8) | 0.82 (0.42–1.62) | 0.56 | 0.21 |
Proportion using > 2 serotonergic medications [27], n (%) | 6 (22.2) | 7 (26.0) | 1.28 (0.56–2.92) | 0.56 | 5 (7.8) | 7 (10.9) | 1.49 (0.68–3.26) | 0.32 | 0.79 |
Use of special ATC classes | |||||||||
Antipsychotics userse, n (%) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (14.8) | 0.59 (0.20–1.69) | 0.32 | 7 (10.9) | 7 (10.9) | 1.00 (0.61–1.65) | 1.00 | 0.37 |
BZDf users, n (%) | 15 (55.6) | 10 (37.0) | 0.43 (0.21–0.91) | 0.03 | 21 (32.8) | 20 (31.3) | 0.89 (0.47–1.67) | 0.71 | 0.15 |
Opioidg users, n (%) | 11 (40.7) | 7 (26.0) | 0.49 (0.21–1.11) | 0.09 | 22 (34.4) | 20 (31.3) | 0.86 (0.57–1.30) | 0.47 | 0.23 |
PPI (ATC A02BC) user, n (%) | 13 (48.2) | 13 (48.2) | 1.00 (0.62–1.61) | 1.00 | 30 (46.9) | 33 (51.6) | 1.23 (0.91–1.66) | 0.18 | 0.47 |
Drug-drug interactions (DDI) | |||||||||
Clinically significant DDI (class D) [24], n (%) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (7.4) | 1.00 (0.21–4.67) | 1.00 | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | NA | 0.32h | NA |