Table 1 Clinically significant medication-related risks that were assessed as outcomes in this study

Number of all medications

The total number of regular and pro re nata (when required) medications that have been prescribed (i.e. prescribed medication that is scheduled), over-the-counter and herbal products are not included

Use of harmful medications

Included Beers Criteria medications [23], psychotropic medications and anticholinergic medications according to Puustinen et al. 2012 [26].

Use of Beers Criteria [23] medications

Potentially inappropriate medicines for older adults according to Beers Criteria [23].

Use of CNS medications

Opioids (ATC code N01AH, N02A, N02BE51, R05DA, R05FA); anticholinergic drugs according to Puustinen et al. 2012 [26], antiepileptics (ATC code N03A); BZDs and related drugs (ATC codes N05BA, N05CD, N03AE01, N05CF, A03CA, C01DA70, M05AA51, N06CA01, N02BA71); antidepressants (ATC codes N06A, N06CA); antipsychotics (ATC codes N05A, N06CA01).

Use of Psychotropic medications

Proportion of study participants using > 3 psychotropic medications, n (%)

BZDs and related drugs (ATC codes N05BA, N05CD, N03AE01, N05CF, A03CA, C01DA70, M05AA51, N06CA01, N02BA71); antidepressants (ATC codes N06A, N06CA); antipsychotics (ATC codes N05A, N06CA01) [26]

Proportion of study participants using > 2 serotonergic medications, n (%)

Serotonergic medications according to Salko database [27].

Proportion of study participants using anticholinergic medications, n (%)

Anticholinergic medicines according to Puustinen et al. 2012 [26].

Proportion of study participants using antipsychotics, n (%)

ATC codes N05A, N06CA01

BZD users, n (%)

BZDs and related drugs (ATC codes N05BA, N05CD, N03AE01, N05CF, A03CA, C01DA70, M05AA51, N06CA01, N02BA71) [26]

Opioid users, n (%)

ATC codes N01AH, N02A, N02BE51, R05DA, R05FA

PPI user, n (%)

ATC A02BC

Prevalence of clinically significant drug-drug interactions (SFINX class D) [24]

Interactions that should be avoided or used with caution [24].