Table 3 Operational characteristics of German NHs (overall and according to number of TM-levels and best practices for TMD) [%]
Number of TM-levels | Number of best practices for TMD | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 563) | 1 (n = 160) | 2 (n = 247) | 3 (n = 156) | p | 1 (n = 115) | 2 (n = 166) | 3 (n = 209) | 4 (n = 73) | p | |
Food Provision and Menu planning | ||||||||||
Special diets and delivery forms | ||||||||||
Vegetarian diet | 75.8 | 70.0a | 73.7a | 85.3b | 0.004 | 70.4a | 72.9a,b | 77.0a,b | 87.7b | 0.039 |
Muslim diet | 28.2 | 20.0a | 27.9a,b | 37.2b | 0.003 | 23.5a,b | 19.9b | 32.1a,c | 43.8c | 0.001 |
Energy-dense diet | 59.7 | 42.5a | 57.5b | 80.8c | < 0.001 | 44.3a | 53.6a,b | 66.5b,c | 78.1c | < 0.001 |
Fingerfood | 54.5 | 38.8a | 54.3b | 71.2c | < 0.001 | 44.3a | 46.4a | 57.4a | 80.8b | < 0.001 |
Recipes | ||||||||||
Available for most/all dishes | 58.1 | 53.1a | 53.8a | 69.9b | 0.002 | 53.9a,b | 50.0b | 63.2a | 68.5a | 0.007 |
missing | 2.0 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 2.7 | ||
Calculation of the energy and nutrient content available | 66.6 | 67.5 | 62.3 | 72.4 | 0.383 | 68.7 | 65.1 | 62.2 | 79.5 | 0.125 |
missing | 6.7 | 6.9 | 8.9 | 3.2 | 7.8 | 4.8 | 9.1 | 2.7 | ||
Nutritional care | ||||||||||
Malnutrition screening | ||||||||||
Malnutrition screening at least 4–6 times a year | 78.7 | 76.9 | 77.3 | 82.7 | 0.792 | 78.3 | 78.3 | 79.4 | 78.1 | 0.941 |
missing | 6.2 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 3.2 | 7.8 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 5.5 | ||
Dietetic counseling service | 74.2 | 66.3a | 72.1a | 85.9b | < 0.001 | 65.2a | 70.5a | 77.0a | 89.0b | < 0.001 |
missing | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.1 | ||
Routine assessment of personal nutrition history | 67.5 | 61.3 | 66.8 | 75.0 | 0.068 | 58.3a | 66.3a,b | 68.9a,b | 80.8b | 0.041 |
missing | 4.3 | 6.9 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 2.9 | 1.4 | ||
Management and quality assurance | ||||||||||
Staffing aspects | ||||||||||
Dietician available | 41.9 | 33.1a | 39.3a | 55.1b | 0.001 | 38.8 | 41.6 | 39.7 | 54.8 | 0.071 |
missing | 5.2 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 3.8 | 6.1 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 6.8 | ||
Interdisciplinary nutrition team | 11.5 | 12.5 | 8.9 | 14.7 | 0.184 | 7.0a | 8.4a | 12.4a,b | 23.3b | 0.003 |
Quality circle for nutritional care | 58.6 | 43.8a | 63.2b | 66.7b | < 0.001 | 50.4a | 54.2a,b | 62.2a,b | 71.2b | 0.015 |
Regular staff training | 82.1 | 73.1a | 83.0a,b | 89.7b | 0.001 | 74.8a | 79.5a | 83.3a | 95.9b | 0.002 |
Framework regulations | ||||||||||
Process instructions available | 63.6 | 53.1a | 64.0a,b | 73.7b | 0.001 | 47.8a | 58.4a,b | 72.2c | 75.3b,c | < 0.001 |
Interface descriptions available | 33.2 | 27.5 | 34.8 | 36.5 | 0.181 | 27.8a | 30.1a,b | 33.5a,b | 47.9b | 0.025 |
Regular resident satisfaction surveys | 71.4 | 65.6 | 72.5 | 75.6 | 0.127 | 68.7 | 70.5 | 72.2 | 75.3 | 0.775 |