Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants according to the number of musculoskeletal pain sites
Number of musculoskeletal pain sites, n (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 0 | 1 | ≥ 2 | ||
747 | 489 | 126 | 132 | ||
Sex | Male | 382 (51.1) | 266 (54.4) | 54 (42.9) | 62 (47.0) |
Female | 365 (48.9) | 223 (45.6) | 72 (57.1) | 70 (53.0) | |
Age | < 75 | 456 (61.0) | 305 (62.4) | 68 (54.0) | 83 (62.9) |
≥ 75 | 291 (39.0) | 184 (37.6) | 58 (46.0) | 49 (37.1) | |
BMIa | < 18.5 | 18 (2.4) | 13 (2.7) | 3 (2.4) | 2 (1.5) |
18.5–24.9 | 426 (57.0) | 290 (59.3) | 71 (56.3) | 65 (49.2) | |
≥ 25 | 279 (37.3) | 174 (35.6) | 44 (34.9) | 61 (46.2) | |
Living area | Ogatsu | 349 (46.7) | 236 (48.3) | 53 (42.1) | 60 (45.5) |
Oshika | 274 (36.7) | 180 (36.8) | 50 (39.7) | 44 (33.3) | |
Wakabayashi | 124 (16.6) | 73 (14.9) | 23 (18.3) | 28 (21.2) | |
Smoking habitsa | Non-smoking | 602 (80.6) | 394 (80.6) | 103 (81.7) | 105 (79.5) |
Smoking | 80 (10.7) | 54 (11.0) | 10 (7.9) | 16 (12.1) | |
Drinking habitsa | Non-drinking | 430 (57.6) | 278 (56.9) | 79 (62.7) | 73 (55.3) |
< 45.6 g of alcohol/dayb | 161 (21.6) | 101 (20.7) | 25 (19.8) | 35 (26.5) | |
≥ 45.6 g of alcohol/dayb | 52 (7.0) | 41 (8.4) | 4 (3.2) | 7 (5.3) | |
Chronic conditions | Hypertension | 423 (56.6) | 260 (53.2) | 71 (56.3) | 92 (69.7) |
Diabetes mellitus | 97 (13.0) | 58 (11.9) | 16 (12.7) | 23 (17.4) | |
Myocardial infarction | 71 (9.5) | 38 (7.8) | 12 (9.5) | 21 (15.9) | |
Cerebral stroke | 8 (1.1) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (1.6) | 3 (2.3) | |
Working statusa | Unemployed | 522 (69.9) | 341 (69.7) | 91 (72.2) | 90 (68.2) |
Employed | 202 (27.0) | 133 (27.2) | 31 (24.6) | 38 (28.8) | |
Walking time/daya | ≥ 1 h | 205 (27.4) | 153 (31.3) | 29 (23.0) | 23 (17.4) |
0.5 to < 1 h | 30 (44.2) | 218 (44.6) | 56 (44.4) | 56 (42.4) | |
< 0.5 h | 198 (26.5) | 108 (22.1) | 40 (31.7) | 50 (37.9) | |
Living environmenta | Same house as before the GEJE | 219 (29.3) | 145 (29.7) | 43 (34.1) | 31 (23.5) |
Prefabricated house | 295 (39.5) | 190 (38.9) | 52 (41.3) | 53 (40.2) | |
New house | 109 (14.6) | 70 (14.3) | 12 (9.5) | 27 (20.5) | |
Others | 123 (16.5) | 83 (17.0) | 19 (15.1) | 21 (15.9) | |
Subjective economic hardshipa | Normal | 372 (49.8) | 262 (53.6) | 46 (36.5) | 64 (48.5) |
A little bit hard | 206 (27.6) | 132 (27.0) | 40 (31.7) | 34 (25.8) | |
Hard | 115 (15.4) | 60 (12.3) | 35 (27.8) | 20 (15.2) | |
Very hard | 34 (4.6) | 16 (3.3) | 4 (3.2) | 14 (10.6) | |
Psychological distressa | Absence | 651 (87.1) | 442 (90.4) | 99 (78.6) | 110 (83.3) |
Presence | 61 (8.2) | 25 (5.1) | 17 (13.5) | 19 (14.4) | |
Sleep disturbancea | Absence | 552 (73.9) | 401 (82.0) | 82 (65.1) | 69 (52.3) |
Presence | 185 (24.8) | 80 (16.4) | 43 (34.1) | 62 (47.0) | |
Social isolationa | Absence | 579 (77.5) | 383 (78.3) | 95 (75.4) | 101 (76.5) |
Presence | 164 (22.0) | 102 (20.9) | 31 (24.6) | 31 (23.5) | |