Braden scale for assessing pneumonia after acute ischaemic stroke

BMC Geriatrics

Table 3 Models to predict post-stoke pneumonia

Author, year	Study design	No. of patients	Predictors	C-statistic
Kwon et al., 2006 [20]	Retrospective cohort	286	Age, sex, NIHSS, dysphagia, mechanical ventilation	NR
Sellars et al., 2007 [6]	Retrospective cohort	412	Age, dysarthria, abbreviated mental test score, modified Rankin Scale score, and water swallowing test	0.90
Chumbler et al., 2010 [27]	Retrospective cohort	925	Age, stroke severity, dysphagia, history of pneumonia, patient being ‘found down’ at symptom onset	0.78
Hoffmann et al., 2012 [24]	Registry	15,336	Age, sex, stroke severity, dysphagia, atrial fibrillation	0.84
Ji et al., 2013 [25]	Registry	8820	Age, history of atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, COPD, current smoking, restroke dependence, dysphagia, NIHSS, GCS, stroke subtype, blood glucose	0.79
Harms et al., 2013 [28]	RCT	114	Age, GCS, systolic arterial blood pressure, WBC count	0.85
Smith et al., 2015 [26]	Registry	11,551	Age, sex, NIHSS, prestrike independence	0.79
Kumar et al., 2017 [29]	Retrospective cohort	1644	Age, congestive heart failure, dysarthria, dysphagia	0.82
Westendorp et al., 2018 [30]	RCT	2538	Age, sex, pre-stroke disability, medical history of COPD, stroke severity, dysphagia, intracerebral haemorrhage	0.82
Ding et al., 2019	Retrospective cohort	414	Sensory perception, skin moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction and shear	0.88

NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NR not reported, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, RCT randomized controlled trial

ISSN: 1471-2318