Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: Biomarkers for diagnosing serious bacterial infections in older outpatients: a systematic review
Author, year and country | Study Type | Study Setting | Number of participants | Age (Years) | Study Duration | Bacterial Infection(s) investigated | Reference test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caterino et al. (2015), USA [16] | Diagnostic accuracy study | ED | 23 | 65 years and above | N/A | UTI | Urine culture |
Caterino et al. (2004), USA [17] | Diagnostic accuracy study | ED | 108 | 65–100 | N/A | Bacteraemia | Blood cultures |
Cengiz et al. (2013), Turkey [18] | Diagnostic accuracy study | Geriatrics clinics | 110 | 65–96 | N/A | Bacterial Infections | FBC, biochemical parameters, CRP, serum protein electrophoresis, urine examination and Chest X-ray. Further tests (e.g. blood/urine/sputum/wound cultures, abdominal USS, chest and/or abdominal CT, MRI) performed as needed. |
Chou et al. (2016), Taiwan [19] | Retrospective observational study of diagnostic accuracy | ED | 9862 | 65 years and above | N/A | Bacteraemia | Blood cultures |
Ducharme et al., (2007), Canada [20] | Prospective observational study of diagnostic accuracy | ED | 100 | 65 years and above | N/A | UTI | Urine culture |
Dwolatzky et al. (2005), Israel [21] | Prospective observational study of diagnostic accuracy | Medical Centre | 80 | 65–101 | N/A | Bacteraemia | Blood cultures |
Evans et al. (1991), United Kingdom [22] | Diagnostic accuracy study | Day Hospital | 50 | 65–93 | N/A | UTI | Mid-stream urine |
Juthani-Mehta et al. (2007), USA [23] | Cohort study | Five nursing homes | 101 | 65 years and above | 1 year | UTI | Positive urine culture and greater than 10 white blood cells/mm3 on urinalysis |
Lai et al. (2010), Taiwan [24] | Diagnostic accuracy study | ED | 262 | 65 years and above | N/A | Bacteraemia | Clinical infection and a positive blood culture |
Potts et al. (1999), USA [25] | Retrospective observational study of diagnostic accuracy | ED | 117 | 80 years and above | N/A | Cholecystitis, appendicitis and abscess | Surgical diagnosis |
Wasserman et al. (1989), USA [26] | Diagnostic accuracy study | ED | 221 | 70–99 | N/A | Bacterial infections | 1) Positive blood culture 2) Positive urine culture and pyuria 3) Positive sputum culture and infiltrate on Chest X-ray 4) Positive culture from a normally sterile site or from an abscess cavity. |