Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3b | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Demographic factors | ||||||
Age (ref. = 60–64 yr) | ||||||
65–69 yr | 0.92 | 0.88, 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.95, 1.04 | 1.21 | 1.15, 1.27 |
≥ 70 yr | 0.97 | 0.92, 1.02 | 1.12 | 1.06, 1.18 | 1.63 | 1.54, 1.73 |
Gender (ref. = Female) | 1.90 | 1.83, 1.98 | 1.65 | 1.58, 1.73 | 1.43 | 1.33, 1.53 |
Residential area (ref. = Rural) | 2.19 | 2.11, 2.28 | 1.70 | 1.63, 1.78 | 1.93 | 1.84, 2.03 |
Socioeconomic factors | ||||||
Marital status (ref. = Married) | ||||||
windowed | 1.15 | 1.09, 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.13, 1.26 | ||
Separated/divorced/never married | 0.85 | 0.70, 1.03 | 0.95 | 0.77, 1.16 | ||
Educational level (ref. = No formal school) | ||||||
Primary school | 1.24 | 1.18, 1.31 | 1.27 | 1.20, 1.35 | ||
Middle or high school | 1.70 | 1.59, 1.82 | 1.84 | 1.72, 1.98 | ||
College or university | 2.36 | 2.12, 2.64 | 2.76 | 2.45, 3.12 | ||
Annual household income, US Dollar (ref. = 0–1449) | ||||||
1450–2899 | 1.20 | 1.14, 1.27 | 1.21 | 1.14, 1.28 | ||
2890–5072 | 1.34 | 1.25, 1.43 | 1.35 | 1.26, 1.45 | ||
≥ 5073 | 1.56 | 1.44, 1.68 | 1.58 | 1.45, 1.71 | ||
House ownership (ref. = No) | 1.28 | 1.28, 1.35 | 1.30 | 1.23, 1.37 | ||
Health behaviors | ||||||
Smoking status (ref. = Never smoker) | ||||||
Former smoker and quit by choices | 1.32 | 1.18, 1.48 | ||||
Former smoker and quit by illness | 0.50 | 0.45, 0.55 | ||||
Occasional smoker | 1.01 | 0.92, 1.12 | ||||
Current smoker | 1.05 | 0.98, 1.13 | ||||
Alcohol status (ref. = Never drinker) | ||||||
Former drinker | 0.67 | 0.59, 0.75 | ||||
Occasional drinker | 1.62 | 1.53, 1.71 | ||||
Current drinker | 2.13 | 1.99, 2.28 | ||||
Physical activity (MET-h/day) (ref. = Q1) | ||||||
Q2 | 1.78 | 1.69, 1.88 | ||||
Q3 | 2.36 | 2.20, 2.52 | ||||
Q4 | 2.77 | 2.53, 3.04 | ||||
BMI category (ref. = Normal weight) | ||||||
Underweight | 0.49 | 0.45, 0.54 | ||||
Overweight | 1.30 | 1.24, 1.37 | ||||
Obesity | 0.99 | 0.92, 1.07 | ||||
Weight change in the past year (ref. = Change ±2.5 kg) | ||||||
Lost ≥2.5 kg | 0.57 | 0.54, 0.61 | ||||
Gained ≥2.5 kg | 1.04 | 0.96, 1.12 |