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Table 1 Characteristics of 2600 participants according to MoCA scores

From: Joint associations of smartphone use and gender on multidimensional cognitive health among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

 

N(%)

MoCA scorea

Overall

 

21.98 ± 4.61

Age (yr)

 60~

1558 (59.92)

22.69 ± 4.39

 70~

779 (29.96)

21.55 ± 4.72

 80~

263 (10.12)

19.01 ± 4.27

Gender

 men

1401 (53.88)

22.79 ± 4.31

 women

1199 (46.12)

21.03 ± 4.78

Marital status

 unmarried

630 (25.45)

20.35 ± 4.56

 married

1845 (74.55)

22.58 ± 4.49

Region

 rural

1180 (45.38)

20.77 ± 4.47

 urban

1420 (54.62)

22.98 ± 4.49

Occupation

 manual

1674 (64.51)

20.99 ± 4.57

 non-manual

921 (35.49)

23.76 ± 4.13

Income

 income < expenditure

408 (15.81)

20.62 ± 4.67

 income = expenditure

1797 (69.62)

22.07 ± 4.53

 income > expenditure

376 (14.57)

23.03 ± 4.59

Education level

 illiterate

655 (25.22)

17.98 ± 3.84

 primary

933 (35.93)

22.06 ± 4.18

 secondary and above

1009 (38.85)

24.49 ± 3.52

Smoking

 never smoke

1602 (62.38)

21.66 ± 4.73

 previous smoke

177 (6.89)

22.76 ± 4.15

 current smoke

789 (30.72)

22.46 ± 4.45

Drinking

 never drink

2050 (79.49)

21.73 ± 4.65

 previous drink

106 (4.11)

22.43 ± 4.60

 current drink

423 (16.40)

23.11 ± 4.30

Hypertension

 no

1665 (64.96)

21.95 ± 4.58

 yes

898 (35.04)

22.05 ± 4.68

Diabetes

 no

2271 (89.34)

21.97 ± 4.63

 yes

271 (10.66)

22.06 ± 4.57

Depression

 no

2273 (90.13)

22.26 ± 4.57

 yes

249 (9.87)

19.74 ± 4.43

  1. Note: The MoCA scorea has been adjusted according to the years of education