Trained volunteers to support chronically ill, multimorbid elderly between hospital and domesticity – a systematic review of one-on-one-intervention types, effects, and underlying training concepts

Table 4 Overview of significant and non-significant results

Outcome	Instrument*	Significant*	Non-significant*	Study
Psychosocial–coordinative support
Anxiety	HADS (≥8)	X		[111]
Anxiety	HADS		X	[108, 109, 112, 130]
Depression	HADS (≥8)		X	[111]
Depression	HADS		X	[108, 109, 112, 130]
(Health-related) Quality of life	LLFDI-K	X	X	[108, 109, 112, 130]
(Health-related) Quality of life	SF 8, K − 14 F-SozU		X	[108, 109, 112, 130]
Use of services	Counting	X		[111]
Use of services	Counting		X	[108, 109, 112, 130]
Further outcomes	CCSC	X		[111]
	SCNS		X	[111]
	S-JS, MOS-SS	X		[108, 109, 112, 130]
Physical–cognitive activation
Anxiety	FES-I	X		[113,114,115,116, 127]
(Health-related) Quality of life	WHOQOL-BREF		X	[113,114,115,116, 127]
	WHOQOL-OLD	X	X	[113,114,115,116, 127]
	SF − 20	X	X	[117]
	ADL-Scale	X		[119]
	GAS	–	–	[118]
Physical functioning	PASE, SPPB	X		[113,114,115,116, 127]
	SHARE-FI, NMA®-LF		X	[113,114,115,116, 127]
	ABC-Scale	X		[119]
	SFTM	X	X	[119]
	BBS		X	[119]
	GAS	–	–	[118]
Assistance with medication intake
Use of services	Counting	X		[121]
Further outcomes	Counting	X	X	[121]
Further outcomes	KAB-MS	X	X	[120]

* Bold fonds label primary outcomes and their results, ABC-Scale Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, ADL-Scale Activities of daily living scale, BBS Berg Balance Scale, CCSC Colorectal Cancer Symptoms Checklist, FES-I Falls Efficacy Scale – International, GAS Goal Attainment Scaling, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, K-14 F-SozU Questionnaire to social support, KAB-MS Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior Medication Safety questionnaire, LLFDI-K Late Life Function and Disability Instrument, Short Version, Dimension ‘Impairment’, MOS-SS Medical Outcome Study Social Support Scale, NMA®-LF Mini Nutritional Assessment Long-Form, PASE Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, SF 8 Short-Form-Health-Survey – short, SF-20 Short-Form-Health Survey – long, SFTM Senior Fitness Test Manual, SHARE-FI Assessment for frailty by Romero-Ortuno 2010 – handgrip strength, S-JS General Self-efficacy by Jerusalem & Schwarzer (1986), SCNS Supportive care needs survey, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, WHOQOL-BREF World Health Organization Quality of Life short version, WHOQOL-OLD World Health Organization Quality of Life for 60+

ISSN: 1471-2318