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Table 3 Outcomes and significant results

From: Trained volunteers to support chronically ill, multimorbid elderly between hospital and domesticity – a systematic review of one-on-one-intervention types, effects, and underlying training concepts

Outcome

Study

Outcome (original title)

Instrumenta

Mean (standard deviation) / sample size (percent) at baseline

BL-Postinterventionb

BL-Follow up (3 months)c

Diff.

d

p

Diff.

d

p

Psychosocial–coordinative support

 Anxiety

White et al. 2012 [111]

Anxiety

HADS (≥8)

IG

60(20%)

–

–

<.01

   

CG

53(16%)

      

 (Health-related) Quality of life

Philippi et al. 2015 [108, 109, 112, 130]

Social participation \(prevalence)

LLFDI-K

IG

3.1(0.7)

   

+ 0.2

.33

.002

CG

3.3(0.6)

      

 Use of services

White et al. 2012 [111]

Use of services

Counting

IG

1.1(1.2)

-1,2

−1.0

<.001

   

CG

1.9(1.2)

      

 Further outcomes

White et al. 2012 [111]

Colorectal symptoms

CCSC

IG

3.0(2.0)

+ 0.3

.14

.02

   

CG

2.7(2.1)

      

Philippi et al. 2015 [108, 109, 112, 130]

Self-efficacy expectation

S-JS

IG

2.7(0.7)

   

+ 0.2

.33

.032

CG

2.8(0.6)

      

Need for support

MOS-SS

IG

(−)71.8%

–

–

.022

–

–

.022

CG

(−)47.7%

      

Physical–cognitive activation

 Anxiety

Haider et al. 2017 [113,114,115,116, 127]

Fear of falling

FES-I

IG

44.1(13.07)

+ 3.9

.34

.016

   

CG

41.4(12.07)

      

 (Health related) Quality of life

Haider et al. 2017 [113,114,115,116, 127]

Activities

WHOQOL-OLD

IG

49.7(16.3)

–

–

.039

   

CG

53.8(14.3)

      

Etkin et al. 2006 [117]

Social functioning.

SF-20

IG

62.8(−)

+ 11.4

–

.003

   

Stolee et al. 2012 [119]

QOL (outside)

QOL-Scale

IG

69.6(29.2)

+ 7.9

.26

.001

   

QOL (at home)

QOL-Scale

IG

51.2(33.3)

+ 10.0

.30

.009

   

 Physical functioning

Haider et al. 2017 [113,114,115,116, 127]

Physical activity

PASE

IG

33.8(37.1)

+ 13.8

.44

<.001

   

CG

31.7(31.7)

      

Physical performance

SPPB

IG

5.2(2.9)

+ 0.9

.32

.044

   

CG

4.8(2.8)

      

Stolee et al. 2012 [119]

Balance confidence

ABC-Scale

IG

44.1(19.9)

+ 6.6

.33

.02

   

Chair stand

SFTM

IG

4.95(2.7)

+ 2.0

.74

<.001

   

Reaching forward

SFTM

IG

5.7(3.2)

+ 1.6

.05

.028

   

Assistance with medication intake

 Use of services

Sales 2013 [121]

Readmission for heart failure (overall)

Counting

IG

–

–

12% ARR

.04

   

CG

–

     

 Further outcomes

Sales 2013 [121]

Composite endpoints (overall)

Counting

IG

–

–

25% ARR

.02

   

Wang et al. 2013 [120]

Knowledge

KAB-MS

IG

5.6(1.6)

+ 0.8

.28

.012

   

CG

4.8(2.9)

      

Behavior

KAB-MS

        

- when you get medication

 

IG

–

–

–

.013

   

CG

–

      

- Before you take medication

 

IG

–

–

–

.003

   

CG

–

      

- Caring for surplus medications

 

IG

–

–

–

.025

   

CG

–

      
  1. a Further information on the instruments can be found in the original studies; b effect from the beginning of treatment until the end of treatment; c effect from the beginning of treatment until three months after the end of treatment; ABC-Scale Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, ARR absolute risk reduction, CCSC Colorectal Cancer Symptoms Checklist, CG control group, d Effect size Cohen’s d, Diff Mean Difference, FES-I Falls Efficacy Scale – International, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, IG intervention group, KAB-MS Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior Medication Safety questionnaire, LLFDI-K Late Life Function and Disability Instrument – Short version, MOS-SS Medical Outcome Study Social Support Scale, p Significance p, PASE Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, QOL-Scale Quality of life scale, SF-20 Short-Form-Health Survey, 20 Items, SFTM Senior Fitness Test Manual, S-JS General self-efficacy, Jerusalem & Schwarzer (1986), SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, WHOQOL-OLD World Health Organization Quality of Life for 60+
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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