Table 2 Correlates of loneliness in the older adults in Shanghai, total sample

Age

0.05**

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

−0.01

0.02

Gender (female = 0)

0.26

0.22

0.45*

0.22

0.24

0.22

0.17

0.21

Urban Hukou (rural = 0)

−0.79**

0.28

− 0.65*

0.27

− 0.73**

0.26

− 0.52*

0.26

 Single

2.71*

1.18

2.33*

1.15

2.39*

1.10

2.46*

1.10

 Divorced

3.37***

0.75

3.10***

0.73

2.11**

0.70

2.27**

0.70

 Widowed

0.25

0.38

0.21

0.37

0.29

0.36

0.34

0.35

 Junior high

0.03

0.30

0.13

0.29

0.23

0.28

0.47

0.28

 High

−1.40***

0.34

− 1.20***

0.34

−0.96**

0.32

−0.37

0.34

 Bachelor

−1.66***

0.37

−1.36***

0.36

− 1.05**

0.35

−0.15

0.38

Living arrangement (living with others = 0)

0.91*

0.39

1.04**

0.39

0.92*

0.37

0.88*

0.37

Self-rated health

−1.19***

0.13

−0.93***

0.13

−0.91***

0.13

IADL

0.62**

0.19

0.33

0.19

0.28

0.19

Chronic disease

0.15*

0.06

0.17**

0.06

0.17**

0.06

Family functioning

−4.31***

0.31

− 4.16***

0.31

Chatting with neighbors

−0.15***

0.03

−0.15***

0.03

Volunteering (no = 0)

−0.88**

0.33

−0.86**

0.33

Playing mahjong

−0.07

0.04

−0.07

0.04

Dancing

−0.13*

0.06

−0.10

0.06

Media use

−0.59***

0.09

 R²

4.5%

8.9%

16.7%

17.8%