Serum cystatin C, impaired kidney function, and geriatric depressive symptoms among older people living in a rural area: a population-based study

Table 2 Cross-sectional associations of serum cystatin C and impaired kidney function with prevalent geriatric depressive symptoms (n = 1440)

Serum cystatin C or impaired kidney function	N/n	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
Serum cystatin C or impaired kidney function	N/n	Model 1^a	Model 2^a	Model 3^a
Cystatin C, mg/L
≤ 1.00	768/119	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
1.01–1.25	360/79	1.43 (1.03–1.98)	1.40 (1.004–1.95)	1.41 (1.009–1.97)
> 1.25	312/118	3.25 (2.39–4.42)	3.30 (2.40–4.50)	3.20 (2.32–4.41)
P for trend		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Impaired kidney function
No	1070/176	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Yes	370/140	3.07 (2.34–4.03)	3.03 (2.30–4.01)	2.95 (2.22–3.92)

N/n indicates number of subjects/number of persons with depressive symptoms
Abbreviations: MMSE mini-mental state examination, ADL activities of daily living
^aModel 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and education; model 2 was additionally adjusted for alcohol consumption, hypertension, stroke, heart disease, cataract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, nephritis, and arthritis; and in model 3, MMSE score and ADL-disability were added to model 2