Table 1 Anticholinergic drugs with concordant ratings of sores
From: An anticholinergic burden score for German prescribers: score development
Drug | ATC-Code | Carnahan 2006 USA [20] | Ancelin 2006 France [21] | Rudolph 2008 USA [22] | Han 2008 USA [23] | Ehrt 2010 Norway modified [24] | Sittironnarit 2011 Australia [26] | Boustani 2012 USA [40] | Duran 2013 [18] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weak anticholinergic effects ACB score 1 | |||||||||
 Ampicillin | J01CA01 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Aripiprazole | N05AX12 |  |  |  |  |  | 0 | 1 |  |
 Atenolol | C07AB03 | 0 |  |  | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 Azathioprine | L04AX01 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Benazepril | C09AA07 | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Betaxolol | C07AB05 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Bisacodyl | A06AB02 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Bromocriptine | N04 BC01 | 1 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  | weak(1–2) |
 Bupropion | N06AX12 | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 | 0 or 1 |
 Captopril | C09AA01 | 1 |  |  |  | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 or 1 |
 Celecoxib | M01AH01 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Chlordiazepoxide | N05BA02 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | weak(1–2) |
 Chlorthalidone | C03BA04 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 or 1 |
 Ciclosporin | L04 AD01 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Citalopram | N06AB04 | 0 |  |  |  | 1 | 1 |  | weak(1–2) |
 Clindamycin | J01FF01 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Clonazepam | N03AE01 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | weak(1–2) |
 Dexamethasone | H02AB02 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Dextromethorphan | R05DA09 | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Diazepam | N05BA01 | 1 |  |  | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | weak(1–2) |
 Digitoxin | C01AA04 | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | weak(1–2) |
 Diltiazem | C08DB01 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Dipyridamole | B01AC07 | 1 |  |  |  | 0 |  | 1 | 0 or 1 |
 Domperidone | A03FA03 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | weak(1–2) |
 Entacapone | N04BX02 | 0 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | weak(1–2) |
 Escitalopram | N06AB10 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Famotidine | A02BA03 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Fentanyl | N02AB03 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 | weak(1–2) |
 Flunitrazepam | N05CD03 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Fluoxetine | N06AB03 | 1 |  |  | 1 | 1 | 1 |  | weak(1–2) |
 Flurazepam | N05CD01 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Fluvoxamine | N06AB08 | 1 |  |  |  | 1 | 1 | 1 | weak(1–2) |
 Gentamicin | J01GB03 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Guaifenesin | R05CA03 | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Hydralazine | C02DB02 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 or 1 |
 Hydrocortisone | H02AB09 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 | 0 or 1 |
 Isosorbide dinitrate | C01DA08 | 1 |  |  |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Isosorbide mononitrate | C01DA14 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Ketorolac | M01AB15 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | weak(1–2) |
 Lansoprazole | A02BC03 | 0 |  |  |  | 1 | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Levodopa | N04BA01 | 0 |  | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 or 1 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Lithium | N05AN01 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | weak(1–2) |
 Lorazepam | N05BA06 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Metformin | A10BA02 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Methotrexate | L04AX03 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Methylprednisolone | H02AB04 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Metoprolol | C07AB02 | 0 |  |  | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 Midazolam | N05CD08 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Mirtazapine | N06AX11 | 0 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | weak(1–2) |
 Morphine | N02AA01 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 | weak(1–2) |
 Naratriptan | N02CC02 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Nifedipine | C08CA05 | 1 |  |  |  | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 Oxazepam | N05BA04 | 1 |  |  |  | 0 | 1 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Oxycodone | N02AA05 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | weak(1–2) |
 Pancuronium | M03 AC01 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Phenobarbital | N03AA02 | 0 |  |  | 1 | 1 |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Piperacillin | J01CA12 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Pramipexole | N04 BC05 | 0 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Prednisolone | A07EA01 | 1 |  |  |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Prednisone | A07EA03 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
 Quinidine | C01BA01 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
 Risperidone | N05AX08 | 0 |  | 1 | 1 |  | 1 | 1 | weak(1–2) |
 Selegiline | N04BD01 | 0 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Sertraline | N06AB06 | 1 |  |  | 1 | 0 | 0 |  | 0 |
 Sumatriptan | N02CC01 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Temazepam | N05CD07 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | weak(1–2) |
 Trandolapril | C09AA10 | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Trazodone | N06AX05 | 0 |  | 1 | 1 |  |  | 1 | weak(1–2) |
 Triamcinolone | H02AB08 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Triamterene | C03DB02 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 or 1 |
 Triazolam | N05CD05 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | weak(1–2) |
 Valproic acid | N03AG01 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 or 1 |
 Vancomycin | J01XA01 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Venlafaxine | N06AX16 | 0 |  |  | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
 Warfarin | B01AA03 | 1 |  |  |  | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 Ziprasidone | N05AE04 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 or 1 |
 Zolmitriptan | N02CC03 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 0 or 1 |
Moderate anticholinergic effects ACB score 2 | |||||||||
 Amantadine | N04BB01 | 1 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 | weak(1–2) |
 Cimetidine | A02BA01 | 2 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 | weak(1–2) |
 Loperamide | A07DA03 | 1 |  | 2 | 1 |  | 1 | 1 | weak(1–2) |
 Loxapine | N05AH01 | 2 |  |  |  |  |  | 2 | weak(1–2) |
 Methadone | N07 BC02 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | weak(1–2) |
 Oxcarbazepine | N03AF02 | 2 |  |  |  |  |  | 2 | weak(1–2) |
 Pimozide | N05AG02 | 2 |  |  |  |  |  | 2 | weak(1–2) |
 Ranitidine | A02BA02 | 2 |  | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | weak(1–2) |
 Theophylline | R03DA04 | 1 | 2 |  |  | 1 | 2 | 1 | weak(1–2) |
 Tramadol | N02AX02 | 1 |  |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | weak(1–2) |
Strong anticholinergic effects ACB score 3 | |||||||||
 Amitriptyline | N06AA09 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Atropine | A03BA01 | 3 |  | 3 | 3 |  | 3 | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Chlorpheniramine | R06AB04 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |  | 3 | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Clemastine | R06AA04 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Clomipramine | N06AA04 | 3 | 3 |  |  |  |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Clozapine | N05AH02 | 3 |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Cyproheptadine | R06AX02 | 2 |  | 3 |  |  | 3 | 2 | Strong(3) |
 Darifenacin | G04BD10 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Dimenhydrinate | A04AB02 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Diphenhydramine | A04AB05 | 3 |  | 3 | 3 |  |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Doxepin | N06AA12 | 3 |  |  | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Flavoxate | G04BD02 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Hydroxyzine | N05BB01 | 3 | 3 | 3 |  |  |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Imipramine | N06AA02 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |  | 3 | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Levomepromazine | N05AA02 | 2 | 3 |  |  |  |  | 2 | Strong(3) |
 Nortriptyline | N06AA10 | 3 |  | 2 | 3 | 2 |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Orphenadrine | N04AB02 | 3 | 3 |  |  | 3 |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Oxybutynin | G04BD04 | 3 | 3 | 3 |  | 3 | 2 | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Procyclidine | N04AA04 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Strong(3) |
 Scopolamine | A04AD01 | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Thioridazine | N05 AC02 | 3 |  | 3 | 3 | 3 |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Tizanidine | M03BX02 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | Strong(3) |
 Tolterodine | G04BD07 | 3 |  | 2 | 3 |  | 3 | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Trihexyphenidyl | N04AA01 | 3 | 3 |  | 3 | 3 |  | 3 | Strong(3) |
 Trimipramine | N06AA06 | 3 | 3 |  |  | 3 |  | 3 | Strong(3) |