Table 6 Participant’s characteristics by depression status
From: Depression, malnutrition, and health-related quality of life among Nepali older patients
| Â | Depression, n (%) | No Depression, n (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Total (Prevalence) | 166 (57.4) | 123 (42.6) | Â |
95% CI for prevalence | 51.7–63.0 | 37.0–48.3 |  |
Age, years, (mean ± SD) | 69.3 ± 6.6 | 67.5 ± 6.3 | 0.020 a |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.876 |
 Male | 97 (57.1) | 73 (42.9) |  |
 Female | 69 (58.0) | 50 (42.0) |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | 0.045 |
 Upper caste | 67 (50.0) | 67 (50.0) |  |
 Janjatis | 84 (62.7) | 50 (37.3) |  |
 Dalit and minorities | 15 (71.4) | 6 (28.6) |  |
Religion | Â | Â | 0.134 |
 Hindu | 121 (55.0) | 99 (45.0) |  |
 Non-Hindu | 45 (65.2) | 24 (34.8) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | 0.091 |
 Married | 39 (67.2) | 19 (32.8) |  |
 Separated/Widow/Single | 127 (55.0) | 104 (45.0) |  |
Educational status | Â | Â | 0.007 |
 Illiterate | 66 (58.9) | 46 (41.1) |  |
 Informal | 65 (67.0) | 32 (33.0) |  |
 Formal | 35 (43.8) | 45 (56.3) |  |
Past Occupation | Â | Â | 0.202 |
 Agriculture | 72 (63.2) | 42 (36.8) |  |
 Homemaker | 35 (61.4) | 22 (38.6) |  |
 Business/job | 47 (50.5) | 46 (49.5) |  |
 Others | 12 (48.0) | 13 (52.0) |  |
Monthly family income (n = 167), $, (mean ± SD) | 185.8 ± 72.2 | 228.7 ± 103.4 | 0.003 a |
Family Structure | Â | Â | 0.268 |
 Nuclear | 30 (63.8) | 17 (36.2) |  |
 Joint | 111 (54.4) | 93 (45.6) |  |
 Extended | 25 (65.8) | 13 (34.2) |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | 0.639 |
 No | 75 (56.0) | 59 (44.0) |  |
 Yes | 91 (58.7) | 64 (41.3) |  |
Drinker | Â | Â | 0.942 |
 No | 110 (57.6) | 81 (42.4) |  |
 Yes | 56 (57.1) | 42 (42.9) |  |
Self-rated health status | Â | Â | 0.025 |
 Better | 33 (47.8) | 36 (52.2) |  |
 Similar | 77 (55.4) | 62 (44.6) |  |
 Worse | 56 (69.1) | 25 (30.9) |  |
Adequate rest | Â | Â | 0.900 |
 Yes | 47 (58.0) | 34 (42.0) |  |
 No | 119 (57.2) | 89 (42.8) |  |
Working currently | Â | Â | 0.024 |
 Yes | 10 (37.0) | 17 (63.0) |  |
 No | 156 (59.5) | 106 (40.5) |  |
Care taker | Â | Â | 0.223 |
 Son and daughter in law | 93 (60.8) | 60 (39.2) |  |
 Others | 73 (53.7) | 63 (46.3) |  |
Ignored/hated for being old | Â | Â | 0.019 |
 Yes | 33 (73.3) | 12 (26.7) |  |
 No | 133 (54.5) | 111 (45.5) |  |
Nutritional status |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Malnourished | 20 (66.7) | 10 (33.3) |  |
 At risk of malnutrition | 78 (71.6) | 31 (28.4) |  |
 Normal nutritional status | 68 (45.3) | 82 (54.7) |  |
BMI, kg/m2, (mean ± SD) | 24.9 ± 3.5 | 24.9 ± 3.6 | 0.957a |
QOL EQVAS, (mean ± SD) | 61.8 ± 16.4 | 69.9 ± 16.4 | < 0.001 a |
MNASF, (mean ± SD) | 10.5 ± 2.6 | 11.5 ± 2.3 | 0.001 a |
GDS Score, (mean ± SD) | 8.5 ± 2.6 | 2.3 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 a |