Table 1 Characteristics of the study cohort (N = 972)
From: Early life stress and frailty in old age: the Helsinki birth cohort study
Separated (N = 117) | Non-separated (N = 855) | pa | |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | ||
Sex | 0.53 | ||
Women (%) | 52.1 | 55.2 | |
Birth characteristics | |||
Birth weight (kg) | 3.47 (0.48) | 3.41 (0.46) | 0.006 |
Childhood socio-economic status | 0.32 | ||
Upper middle class (%) | 14.5 | 20.4 | |
Lower middle class (%) | 24.0 | 22.1 | |
Manual workers (%) | 61.5 | 57.5 | |
Adulthood characteristics | |||
Age (years) | 72.8 (2.6) | 70.5 (2.5) | 0.13 |
Weight (kg) | 78.8 (13.8) | 76.6 (14.4) | 0.55 |
Height (cm) | 168.4 (9.2) | 168.6 (9.1) | 0.48 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 (4.3) | 26.9 (4.5) | 0.40 |
Current smoker (%) | 15.4 | 19.8 | 0.28 |
Prevalence of diabetes (%) | 7.7 | 5.4 | 0.82 |
Hypertensive (%) | 41.9 | 30.4 | 0.01 |
Adult socio-economic status | 0.40 | ||
Upper middle class (%) | 15.4 | 17.7 | |
Lower middle class (%) | 40.2 | 45.8 | |
Self-employed (%) | 9.4 | 8.5 | |
Manual workers (%) | 35.0 | 28.0 | |
Age at wartime separation (years)b | 4.2 (2.2) | ||
< 4 years (%) | 35.9 | ||
≥ 4 years (%) | 50.4 | ||
Duration of wartime separation (years)c | 1.6 (1.0) | ||
< 1 year (%) | 20.5 | ||
1–2 years (%) | 42.7 | ||
> 2 years (%) | 21.4 | ||