Table 4 Characteristics of frequent emergency department visitors (3 or more repeat ED visits) relative to non-frequent ED visitors and results of the logistic regression model to identify risk factors
Non-Frequent ED visitors N – 22,794 | Frequent ED visitors N = 2859 | Adjusted Odds ratio (95% Confidence interval) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, n (%) | |||
65–74 | 2306 (10.1%) | 476 (16.6%) | REF |
75–84 | 7911 (34.7%) | 1164 (40.7%) | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) |
85–94 | 10,696 (46.9%) | 1088 (38.1%) | 0.76 (0.67–0.87) |
95 or older | 1881 (8.3%) | 131 (4.6%) | 0.70 (0.57–0.88) |
Sex, n (%) | |||
Female | 15,703 (68.9%) | 1801 (63.0%) | REF |
Male | 7091 (31.1%) | 1058 (37.0%) | 1.25 (1.14–1.37) |
Length of stay in LTC, (%) | |||
< 30 days | 649 (2.8%) | 126 (4.4%) | REF |
30–89 days | 1031 (4.5%) | 219 (7.7%) | 0.96 (0.74–1.26) |
90–364 days | 5363 (23.5%) | 851 (29.8%) | 0.69 (0.55–0.86) |
365 or more days | 15,751 (69.1%) | 1663 (58.2%) | 0.51 (0.41–0.63) |
Cognitive impairment, n (%) | |||
Minimal | 10,246 (45.0%) | 1605 (56.1%) | REF |
Moderate | 8140 (35.7%) | 873 (30.5%) | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) |
Severe | 4408 (19.3%) | 381 (13.3%) | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) |
ADL Dependence, n (%) | |||
Minimal | 3324 (14.6%) | 518 (18.1%) | REF |
Moderate | 9504 (41.7%) | 1281 (44.8%) | 1.08 (0.96–1.22) |
Dependent | 9966 (43.7%) | 1060 (37.1%) | 1.05 (0.92–1.20) |
Behaviours, n (%) | |||
Inappropriate behaviour | 3933 (17.3%) | 404 (14.1%) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) |
Verbally abusive | 4431 (19.4%) | 523 (18.3%) | 1.11 (0.98–1.26) |
Physically abusive | 2618 (11.5%) | 241 (8.4%) | 0.92 (0.77–1.09) |
Wandering | 4216 (18.5%) | 425 (14.9%) | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) |
Resists care | 7734 (33.9%) | 830 (29.0%) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) |
CHESS Scale Score, n (%) | |||
0 | 10,552 (46.3%) | 1379 (48.2%) | REF |
1 | 7400 (32.5%) | 883 (30.9%) | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) |
2 | 3470 (15.2%) | 450 (15.7%) | 1.20 (1.06–1.35) |
3 | 1031 (4.5%) | 109 (3.8%) | 1.18 (0.95–1.48) |
4 or 5 | 341 (1.5%) | 38 (1.3%) | 1.27 (0.87–1.85) |
Diagnoses, n (%) | |||
Diabetes | 6220 (27.3%) | 1011 (35.4%) | 1.28 (1.16–1.42) |
Congestive Heart Failure | 3725 (16.3%) | 621 (21.7%) | 1.40 (1.24–1.57) |
Arthritis | 9640 (42.3%) | 1146 (40.1%) | 0.90 (0.82–1.00) |
Osteoporosis | 6554 (28.8%) | 714 (25.0%) | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) |
Alzheimer’s disease | 4159 (18.3%) | 367 (12.8%) | 0.83 (0.74–0.92) |
Other dementias | 9845 (43.2%) | 1028 (36.0%) | -* |
Stroke | 5026 (22.0%) | 670 (23.4%) | – |
Anxiety disorder | 254 (8.9%) | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) | |
Depression | 6474 (28.4%) | 795 (27.8%) | 0.95 (0.85–1.05) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4201 (18.4%) | 669 (23.4%) | 1.25 (1.12–1.40) |
Cancer | 2216 (9.7%) | 261 (9.1%) | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) |
Renal Failure | 2644 (11.6%) | 473 (16.5%) | 1.38 (1.22–1.57) |
Liver disease | 1.35 (0.95–1.92) | ||
Number of chronic conditions, n (%) | |||
0 or 1 | 2919 (12.8%) | 373 (13.0%) | REF |
2 | 5000 (21.9%) | 601 (21.0%) | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) |
3 | 5675 (24.9%) | 671 (23.5%) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) |
4 | 4455 (19.5%) | 510 (17.8%) | 0.82 (0.68–1.00) |
5 or more | 4745 (20.8%) | 704 (24.6%) | 0.92 (0.73–1.16) |
Index Visit Type, n (%) | |||
Potentially preventable | REF | ||
Fall-related injury | 0.66 (0.57–0.75) | ||
Non-fall injury | 0.75 (0.59–0.97) | ||
Low acuity | 0.95 (0.80–1.14) | ||
Other | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) | ||