Table 2 Baseline characteristics of study participants with and without IADL decline by gender (n = 6722)
Men (n = 2923) | Women (n = 3799) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No decline (n = 2511) | Decline (n = 412) | P a | No decline (n = 3430) | Decline (n = 369) | P a | |
Age: 75 years and older | 32.2% | 49.0% | < 0.001 | 34.2% | 75.6% | < 0.001 |
Studied area: B Town | 14.5% | 20.9% | 0.001 | 17.8% | 24.4% | 0.003 |
Marital status: not married | 12.0% | 11.9% | 1.000 | 35.1% | 53.7% | < 0.001 |
Working status: not working | 68.6% | 65.8% | 0.254 | 82.4% | 81.3% | 0.616 |
Self-perceived economy: poor | 51.2% | 53.4% | 0.425 | 51.2% | 45.3% | 0.033 |
Body mass index | ||||||
Normal | 75.4% | 73.5% | < 0.001 | 73.6% | 66.1% | < 0.001 |
Underweight | 3.4% | 7.8% | 8.3% | 14.6% | ||
Overweight | 21.1% | 18.7% | 18.1% | 19.2% | ||
Hypertension: present | 40.2% | 34.7% | 0.039 | 39.5% | 43.6% | 0.131 |
Diabetes mellitus: present | 14.1% | 17.0% | 0.130 | 8.7% | 9.8% | 0.499 |
Cerebrovascular diseases: present | 3.3% | 5.3% | 0.063 | 1.8% | 3.8% | 0.016 |
Cancer: present | 3.8% | 3.9% | 0.890 | 2.5% | 1.6% | 0.373 |
Alcohol: daily/occasional drinkers | 63.4% | 52.4% | < 0.001 | 18.8% | 12.5% | 0.002 |
Smoking: ex/current smokers | 71.2% | 69.2% | 0.413 | 8.0% | 7.0% | 0.611 |
Eating: low dietary variety | 49.5% | 54.1% | 0.089 | 34.1% | 52.6% | < 0.001 |
Poor BADL | 14.1% | 21.6% | < 0.001 | 20.9% | 35.0% | < 0.001 |
Poor cognitive functioning | 12.4% | 25.5% | < 0.001 | 11.8% | 26.6% | < 0.001 |
Subjects with depression | 16.5% | 29.9% | < 0.001 | 18.8% | 38.5% | < 0.001 |
Poor self-rated health | 11.3% | 19.2% | < 0.001 | 11.3% | 28.5% | < 0.001 |
Social participation: none | 30.8% | 33.3% | 0.330 | 27.9% | 38.2% | < 0.001 |