Knee extension strength measurements should be considered as part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment

Yeung, Suey S. Y.; Reijnierse, Esmee M.; Trappenburg, Marijke C.; Blauw, Gerard J.; Meskers, Carel G. M.; Maier, Andrea B.

doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0815-2

BMC Geriatrics

Table 2 The association between health characteristics with standardized handgrip strength (HGS) and knee extension strength (KES) in geriatric outpatients (n = 163)

From: Knee extension strength measurements should be considered as part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment

	Model 1 (adjusted for age and sex)						Model 2 (Model 1+ Z KES)			Model 3 (Model 1+ Z HGS)
	Z HGS			Z KES			Z HGS			Z KES
	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p
Physical
Fall in previous 12 months, yes	− 0.546	0.164	0.001	− 0.764	0.160	< 0.001	− 0.168	0.154	0.275	− 0.506	0.145	0.001
SPPB, score	0.097*	0.027	< 0.001	0.173*	0.025	< 0.001	0.008	0.027	0.766	0.130	0.023	< 0.001
TUG, sec	−0.026*	0.009	0.005	− 0.051*	0.008	< 0.001	0.002	0.009	0.853	−0.039	0.008	< 0.001
ADL, score	−0.213	0.093	0.023	−0.298	0.090	0.001	−0.046	0.081	0.571	−0.185	0.078	0.019
Nutritional
SNAQ, score	−0.131	0.063	0.040	−0.149	0.064	0.020	−0.054	0.055	0.329	−0.081	0.055	0.145
BMI, kg/m²	0.031	0.018	0.085	0.046	0.018	0.012	0.007	0.015	0.639	0.030	0.016	0.058
Social
Care support, yes	−0.296	0.170	0.083	−0.600	0.167	< 0.001	0.023	0.151	0.879	−0.447	0.144	0.002
Dependent living, yes	−0.334	0.226	0.142	−0.574	0.226	0.012	−0.031	0.196	0.875	−0.397	0.194	0.042
Psychological
HADS depression, score	−0.063	0.024	0.009	−0.091	0.023	< 0.001	−0.009	0.021	0.658	−0.056	0.019	0.005
HADS anxiety, score	−0.064	0.023	0.006	−0.070	0.023	0.003	−0.022	0.019	0.250	−0.032	0.019	0.097
Diseases
Multimorbidity, yes	−0.001	0.162	0.994	−0.040	0.165	0.808	0.020	0.137	0.885	−0.039	0.139	0.778
Polypharmacy, yes	−0.136	0.158	0.390	−0.045	0.160	0.777	−0.112	0.134	0.404	0.027	0.136	0.842
Cognitive
MMSE, score	0.007	0.012	0.560	0.018	0.012	0.124	−0.003	0.010	0.790	0.014	0.010	0.149
MoCA, score	0.032	0.017	0.065	0.024	0.019	0.207	0.021	0.015	0.166	0.006	0.016	0.730
Behavioural
Alcohol use, units/week	0.010	0.011	0.352	0.019	0.011	0.080	0.000	0.009	0.994	0.014	0.009	0.139
Current smoking, yes	−0.122	0.238	0.609	−0.046	0.241	0.848	−0.096	0.197	0.626	0.023	0.200	0.907

SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, TUG Timed Up & Go, ADL Activities of daily living, SNAQ Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, BMI body mass index, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment. In model 1, β of Z HGS and Z KES were compared with the formula ((β₁- β₂)/ √(SE₁²-SE₂²)) and p values derived from the standard normal distribution table and expressed as * if p < 0.05
Bold p-values represented significant association between health characteristics with standardized HGS or standardized KES based on linear regression

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ISSN: 1471-2318

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