Table 1 Demographic information of the caregivers and the persons with dementia (n = 394)
Variable | Overall sample (n = 394) | Chinese version (n = 103) | English version (n = 291) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables related to caregivers | Â | Â | Â | |
 Age, mean (SD) | 53.0 (10.7) | 55.2 (9.3) | 52.2 (11.0) | 0.015 |
 Female gender, n (%) | 236 (59.9) | 61 (59.2) | 175 (60.1) | 0.871 |
 Ethnic, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Chinese | 341 (86.6) | 103 (100) | 238 (81.8) |  |
  Malay | 25 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 25 (8.6) |  |
  Indian | 18 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 18 (6.2) |  |
  Others | 10 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 10 (3.4) |  |
 Marital status, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.630 |
  Married | 271 (68.8) | 74 (71.8) | 197 (67.7) |  |
  Single | 94 (23.9) | 21 (20.4) | 73 (25.1) |  |
  Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 29 (7.3) | 8 (7.8) | 21 (7.2) |  |
 Employment status, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.059 |
  Not working | 123 (31.2) | 40 (38.8) | 83 (28.5) |  |
  Working part-time | 52 (13.2) | 16 (15.5) | 36 (12.4) |  |
  Working full-time | 219 (55.6) | 47 (45.6) | 172 (59.1) |  |
 Highest education, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Primary or no formal education | 41 (10.4) | 33 (32.0) | 8 (2.8) |  |
  Secondary | 228 (57.9) | 54 (52.4) | 174 (59.8) |  |
  Tertiary | 125 (31.7) | 16 (15.5) | 108 (37.5) |  |
 Relationship with PWD, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.104 |
  Child | 340 (86.3) | 84 (81.6) | 256 (88.0) |  |
  Spouse | 54 (13.7) | 19 (18.5) | 35 (12.0) |  |
 Staying with PWD, n (%) | 264 (67.0) | 70 (68.0) | 194 (66.7) | 0.810 |
 Duration of caregiving in years, mean (SD) | 6.8 (6.7) | 7.2 (6.6) | 6.6 (6.7) | 0.514 |
 Frequency of contact with PWD, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.436 |
  Daily, for at least 4 h a day | 211 (53.6) | 59 (57.3) | 152 (52.2) |  |
  Daily, but less than 4 h a day | 79 (20.0) | 15 (14.6) | 64 (22.0) |  |
  At least once a week | 84 (21.3) | 24 (23.3) | 60 (20.6) |  |
  Less than once a week | 20 (5.1) | 5 (4.9) | 15 (5.2) |  |
 Primary caregiving role, n (%) | 279 (70.8) | 65 (63.1) | 214 (73.5) | 0.045 |
 ZBI score, mean (SD) | 34.8 (16.8) | 33.5 (14.1) | 35.3 (17.6) | 0.331 |
 CES-D score, mean (SD) | 15.7 (11.0) | 17.4 (11.5) | 15.1 (10.8) | 0.064 |
Variables related to PWD | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Age, mean (SD) | 79.5 (8.2) | 79.7 (8.3) | 79.4 (8.1) | 0.779 |
 Female gender, n (%) | 278 (70.6) | 72 (69.9) | 206 (70.8) | 0.865 |
 Duration of dementia diagnosis in years, mean (SD) | 4.5 (3.5) | 4.3 (3.3) | 4.5 (3.5) | 0.500 |
 Stage of dementia, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.626 |
  Mild | 62 (15.7) | 14 (13.6) | 48 (16.5) |  |
  Moderate | 163 (41.4) | 41 (39.8) | 122 (41.9) |  |
  Severe | 169(42.9) | 48 (46.6) | 121 (41.6) |  |